Enumeration Abstract
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THE QUESTIONS, by means of which was to be ascertained the NUMBER of QUESTIONS ADDRESSED TO THE OVERSEERS IN ENGLAND; AND TO Who are respectively required to take an Account of the Resident Population, by proceeding from House to House, on the Twenty-eighth day of May one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one, and on the days immediately subsequent thereto, if one day shall not be sufficient; and they are also required to specify in writing the Name of the Parish or Place in the Schedule, and whether it be usually called a Parish, Township, Tything, Quarter, or by what other Denomination.
1st
-HOW many Inhabited Houses are there in your Parish, Township, or Place; and by how many Families are they occupied- 2d
-HOW many Houses are now building, and therefore not yet inhabited- 3d
HOW many other Houses are Inhabited- 4th
-WHAT Number of Families in your Parish, Township, or Place, are chiefly employed in and maintained by Agriculture, or by Trade, Manufacture, or handicraft; and how many Families are not comprized in either of the Two preceding Classes- N. B.-The total Number of Families in Answer to this Question, must correspond with the Number of Families in Answer to the 1st Question; and if any Doubts shall arise as to the Class in which any Family or Families ought to be comprized, such Doubt it is to be stated as a Remark (under Question 7th,) not omitting therein to specify in which Class such Family or Families may have been comprized in your Answer to the 4th Question. 5th
-HOW many Persons (including Children of whatever Age) are there actually found within the Limits of your Parish, Township, or Place, at the Time of taking this Account, distinguishing Males and Females, and exclusive of Men actually serving in His Majesty's Regular Forces, in the old Militia, or in any embodied Local Militia, and exclusive of Seamen either" in His Majesty's Service, or belonging to Registered Vessels- 6th
-REFERRING to the Number of Persons in one thousand eight hundred and eleven; To what cause do you attribute any remarkable Difference in the Number at present- 7th
-IF you are of Opinion that in making the preceding Enquiries (or at any Time before returning this Schedule,) the Ages of the several Individuals can be obtained in a Manner satisfactory to yourself, and not inconvenient to the Parties, be pleased to state (or cause to be stated) the Number of those who are under 5 Years of Age, of those between 5 and 10 Years of Age, between 10 and 15, between 15 and 20, between 20 and 30, between 30 and 40, between 40 and 50, between 50 and 60, between 60 and 70, between 70 and 80, between 80 and 90, between 90 and 100, and 160, and upwards of 100, distinguishing Males from Females;- And are there any other Matters which you may think it necessary to remark in Explanation of your Answer to this or any of the preceding Questions;-And in what Manner and to what Place of Residence and Post Office Town are Letters intended for you usually directed- SIMILAR QUESTIONS had been asked under the authority of the Population Act of 1801; excepting only that in the Acts of 1811, and 1821, the Question regarding "UNINHABITED HOUSE" was divided, for the sake of distinguishing Unfinished Houses, and "therefore not yet Inhabited," from Houses uninhabited from any other cause:- and excepting an Alteration in the Question regarding "OCCUPATIONS," which in the Act of 1801 applied to Persons, but in those of 1811 and 1821 to Families. The additional Question of 1821, Concerning AGES, will require particular notice in a subsequent part of these Observations. The propriety of distinguishing New, but unfinished Houses, an indication of prosperity, -from House in decay, or uninhabited from any other cause authorizing an opposite inference,-need's no explanation;- and to have proceeded further, so as to have defined more exactly in the first question, What is to be deemed an inhabited House- might have produced new difficulties, and would certainly have destroyed the power of comparison between the Returns of 1801, 1811, and 1821; yet unavoidable doubts have occurred in making the Return; Are conjoined tenements inhabited by distinct families, and distinctly rated and taxed, to be deemed distinct Houses, or otherwise- Of a much doubtful class are the Flats or Floors usual in the large Towns in Scotland; so are Stables and other Outhouses to which Bedrooms are attached. But these distinctions and others which may be traced in some of the Returns, were deemed upon considerations to be too minute in putting a general question, and are merely mentioned for the sake of the curious enquirer, who may have occasion to draw inferences from the number of Houses as entered in the Abstract. The Question of 1801 relating to the Occupations of Persons, was found in practice to produce no valuable Result. In some instances, a Householder seemed to understand that the Females of his Family, his Children, and Servants, ought to be classed with himself; but generally these appear to have been referred to the Third Class, as being neither Agricultural nor Commercial: insomuch that in some places, where the Population was known to be almost entirely Agricultural, the Returns of 1801 do not assign above a third part to that Class; and in Commercial Towns a Similar paucity of Persons employed in Trade, is sometimes observable. When the Returns came in, the failure of the Question was manifest, and accordingly no labour was bestowed in attempting to correct the Answers in which the Number of Persons ascribed to the Three Classes did not coincide with the total Number of Persons. In fact it appears to have fallen short of that Total by above Half a Million; a sufficient indication that no inference can safely be drawn from the columns of the Abstract of 1801, purporting to class the Population according to Occupations. It may be seen that the amended Question in the Acts of 1811 and 1821 enquires,- "What Number of Families [not of Persons] are chiefly employed in or maintained by Agriculture- How many by Trade, Manufacture, or Handicraft- and how many Families are not comprized in either of these Classes-"-and in general the Answers appear to have been made with care and sufficient distinctness the same kind of doubt as in the Question regarding inhabited Houses remains, and, for the same reason, must remain, regarding Families, What is to be deemed a distinct Family- One single person inhabiting a house cannot but be returned as a family, although the word Family usually denotes more persons than one. But there is difficulty regarding Inmates, who in the various degrees of connection arising in domestic arrangements, may be deemed of the Same family, or a distinct family. Single persons lodging in houses inhabited by a family, seem not usually to have been reckoned as distinct Families; never perhaps when they are boarded also. In some few of the Returns of 1821 the Question of 1801 was answered, the number of Persons instead of Families appearing in the classification; in some the number of Houses instead of Families was accounted for; but these and other casual inaccuracies occurred too seldom to invalidate any general conclusion; and in all cases of doubt, Letters were dispatched to the Overseer or Schoolmaster, and explanation procured. In many Schedules where the intention was evident, though the Number or Classification was erroneous, correction was applied; and upon the whole, it may be said, that in the formation of the Abstract nothing occurred to create a wish for any further alteration of the Question regarding Occupations, unless it were possible to settle in which of the classes Miners, Fishermen, and those employed in Inland Navigation ought to be placed. Several of the Returns of 1821 contained the desired remark on this subject, show ing to what class such persons had therein been assigned. These remarks are not omitted in the Notes, which are inserted at the bottom of the page throughout the Abstract. In the Answers respecting the Families employed in Agriculture, a remarkable proof occurred of the difficulty of putting any Question which shall be universally understood in the same manner. In some few places the Occupiers of Land, but not Labourers in Agriculture, are supposed to belong to that Class; in other places exactly the contrary. Doubts are expressed in some of the Returns, whether Shepherds and Graziers (as they are not, strictly speaking, employed in the Culture of the earth,) ought to be ascribed to the Agricultural Class; such opinions, however, are usually notified, or otherwise apparent, and any mistake resulting from them has been corrected in entering the Return in the Abstract. The subject of Classification may be dismissed by stating, that the Third or Negative Class appears to consist chiefly of superannuated Labourers, and Widows resident in small Tenements; this may serve to shew that scarcely any information can be drawn from the numbers which appear in the Third or Negative Class: From the Two former Classes, and especially the Agricultural important inferences may with confidence be deduced; for instance, that m the year 1811, rather more thaw one-third part of the Population of Great Britain (or, more accurately, 352 in 1,000) were employed in raising subsistence, for the other two-thirds; that in the year 1821, the proportion had decreased to one-third (333 in 1,000):-the degree in which the Population of the several Counties of Great Britain is Agricultural, may of course be easily deduced from the respective County Summaries. A Calculation has also been made upon the Comparative Population of each County, in the same periods. [See pp. xxxii-xxxv.]
The Number of Males composing the ARMY, NAVY, &c. includes The Regular Army, The Artillery, and The British Regular Militia, all according to official documents; the Regiments of Local Militia, which were embodied for Training and Exercise on the 27th May 1811, were ascribed to their respective Counties: not so, nor on the present occasion the Regular Militia; because the Substitutes serving therein, (by far the greater proportion, of Regular Militia-Men) are not always taken from among the Inhabitants of the County for which they serve. With the Navy are included The Royal Marines: and to all these are added The Seamen employed in navigating Registered Vessels.-None of these Classes can be ascribed to particular Counties, nor consequently taken into account in the foregoing Comparative Statement, otherwise than in the General Total;-nor properly in that, without making allowance for the large number of Foreigners (perhaps 100,000) employed as Merchant Seamen during the War, and consequently taken into account in 1811:- nor without considering, that many Soldiers and Sailors are attributable to Ireland; which consideration would operate proportionally upon the larger Number of Men serving in 1811, as compared with the smaller Number in 1821. In order therefore to avoid the uncertainty hereby indicated, the Rate of Increase has been separately calculated on the respective numbers of Females only, viz. And the absolute Increase of Population in Great Britain (if measured by doubling that of FEMALES only) appears to have been about One Million and a Half in the first- period, Two Millions in the second period, How far this apparent Increase is sustained by a comparison of the Baptisms with the Burials (as entered in the Parish Registers) during these periods, will be .discussed in a subsequent part of these Observations; in this place it seems proper rather to explain the Order in which the Returns have been digested for ready Reference, - such Explanation being necessary, or at least serviceable to all who may have occasion to consult the Population Abstract. THE leading Division of England into Shires
or Counties
appears to have been established by our Saxon Ancestors above a thousand years since; almost all the Counties being mentioned in History before the extinction of the Saxon Heptarchy. In the Population Abstract the Counties are placed in Alphabetical order, and in England each distinctly; but in Scotland it has been found necessary to join the Shires of Cromarty and Ross, the former being, as it were scattered in about Fifteen separate fragments throughout the latter, and being indeed usually considered in modern Laws as forming part of it. Much inconvenience is experienced by the Inhabitants of the Shires of Ross and Cromarty from these numerous "Annexations," which were made by authority of two Acts of the Parliament of Scotland in 1685 and 1698, in favour of an Individual, whose estate was thus consolidated into one jurisdiction. The further Division of the Southern parts of England into Hundreds is also unquestionably of Saxon origin, and probably in imitation of similar districts which existed in their parent Country: 1
but in what manner the Name was here applied, is not certain. At least one hundred (which in Saxon Numeration means one hundred and twenty 2
) Free Men, Householders, answerable for each other, may be supposed originally to have been found in each Hundred; for that the Hundreds were originally regulated by the Free Population is evident from the great number of Hundreds in the Counties first peopled by the Saxons. Thus Kent and Sussex at the time when Domesday Book was compiled, each contained more than Sixty Hundreds, as they do at present; and in the Counties which composed the ancient Kingdom of Wessex, the Hundreds are almost as numerous. In, Lancashire, a County of greater area than any of these, there are no more than Six Hundreds,-in Cheshire, Seven: and upon the whole, so irregular is this distribution of territory, that while several Hundreds do not exceed a square Mile in area, nor One thousand Persons in Population, the Hundreds of Lancashire average at Three Hundred square Miles in area, and the Population contained in one of them (Salford Hundred) is above 320,000. This striking irregularity seems to have been felt as an inconvenience as early as the time of Henry VIII3
, when a remedy was attempted by ordaining Divisions
(called also Limits
or Circuits
) which still exist (more or less manifestly) in most of the English Counties. These Divisions appear to have been formed by a junction of small Hundreds, or a partition of large Hundreds, as convenience required in each particular case, and are recognized in subsequent Acts which regard the Maintenance and Relief of the Poor4
. But time, which had caused the irregularity of the ancient Hundreds, gradually has the same effect on more modern arrangements; so that to alter the Names or Limits of the ancient Hundreds would really be equivalent to inventing and being forced to learn a new and changeable language, instead of retaining in use that which has been established for ages. An instance of the inconvenience of such reform occurs in Wales, several of the Counties of which were created by Act of Parliament in 15355
, and the ancient District called Cantrefs
and Commots
altered into Hundreds, by virtue of a Commission under the Great Seal for that purpose; but the alteration was attended with much unexpected difficulty, three years, and afterwards three years further, being allowed for it by subsequent Acts of Parliament; and after all this deliberation, the new Counties and Hundreds exhibit more instances of indistinct boundary, that is, of Parishes and Townships not conterminous with the County or Hundred, than do the ancient Counties; while the abolished Cantrefs
and Commots
are not yet quite forgotten, and occasionally cause some confusion. Such Innovations are really unnecessary, as Temporary Districts for present convenience will always be settled by the Civil Magistrates, or by custom, around each place where Petty Sessions are usually holden6
: and in like manner for the business of the of each County, Sub-Divisions are formed from the ancient Hundreds, such alteration as circumstances may require. In the Northern Counties, formerly exposed to hostile Invasion, Wards
and Wapentakes
stand in place of Hundreds; and in the Population Abstract they are alike arranged in Alphabetical order in each County. Where the Divisions are very ancient, as the Lathes
of Kent and the Rapes
of Sussex, or where necessary from the multiplicity of the Hundreds, as in Hampshire and Dorset, are preserved, and their several Hundreds ranged under them. The Rapes
of sussex were Military Divisons at the time when Domesday Book was compiled; and the Lathes
of Kent may have had a similar origin, connected perhaps with the Cinque Ports, and for the Defence of the Coast against invasion. The Divisions of Dorset underwent a change in the year 1740. One exception to the general arrangement occurs in regard to the larger Towns, which as usual are placed at the end of their several Counties. For this: there is a better reasons than at first sight appears: Corporate Towns and some others have a peculiar Jurisdiction, and really are not in any Hundred. The degree of separation and exemption varies infinitely
, as might be expected, and cannot be reduced to any general rule, being indeed sometimes a subject of Litigation. Hence the strict propriety of placing many Cities and Towns at the end of the respective Counties:-and for the sake of comparison, other Towns, which have risen into importance since the disuse of granting Charters and Immunities, are placed with the rest, although these Towns are for every purpose included within some Hundred of the County. The most ready way therefore of rinding the Population of a principal Town, is to refer to the Summary
of its County, before searching for the Hundred in. which it is locally situate, where however a proper reference will always be found. The METROPOLIS presents an unusual difficulty, as extending into Two Counties, and therefore has been necessarily inserted distinctly
in an Appendix 7
. In the County Summaries the Total of entire Hundreds is usually to be found; in the Body of the County all recognized Sub-divisions of the Hundred are distinguished, each with its separate Total. So far the arrangement of the ensuing Volume differs little from those of 1801 and 1811, nor indeed from the several Poors Rate Returns of 1776,1786, and 1803; nor ought it to differ from established precedent, without good reason for so doing. But the very repetition of such enquiries has been found to render it absolutely necessary to enter more minutely into the relative connection and the identity of places than before. This necessity will best be understood by stating, that there are in England and Wales about 550 Parishes which are known to extend into Two Counties, or into more than One Hundred, or other Division; and that every one of these places creates a danger of Duplicate Entry. No person entrusted with the care of rendering complete the Population Returns, can fail to refer to all preceding Authorities; nor, doing so, can fail to apply for Returns to Parish Officers., who apparently, but not really, have made default: Nor can any effort of Memory prevent this; the orthography of the Names of Places being too little settled, and indeed many names identically the same occurring too often., to permit any certain recognition of the same, place. The best method of avoiding these difficulties appeared to lie in a more careful attention to the Parochial connection of places; besides that for many purposes particularly Ecclesiastical, the knowledge of the Population of a Parish is at least as useful as that of its constituent parts. The Instruction prefixed to the Questions of the Printed Schedule was intended to produce Information of this kind; which indeed had before: been asked with some effect, as appears in the Poor Return Abstract of 1803; with the help of which and of the present Returns, it is hoped that a successful attempt has been made, to ascertain the Parochial connection of all places in Great Britain; so that no Parish should be named in the Enumeration Abstract without, a Reference to all its constituent parts; and that no such part should be named without a Reference to its Parish; and this whether the whole Parish be in the same County, or otherwise disjoined in entry. In this attempt some difficulty has Occurred, which renders it necessary to enter into a brief Statement respecting the Parochial Division
of the Kingdom; which may he deemed Ecclesiastical rather than Civil. The Country Parishes of England (in the modern sense of the word Parish) seem originally to have been of the same extent and limits as the several Manors; nor could it well be otherwise, because when it became settled, during the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, that Tythe was generally due to the Church, every Lord of an independent Manor would of course appoint a Clergyman of his own chusing, in default of which the Tythe would have become due to the nearest Mother Church. Hence the Parochial Division of England appears to have been nearly the same as now established, in the Taxatio Ecclesiastica
, which was compiled in the Reign of King Edward the First. (A. D. 1288-1292). In the Towns indeed there is considerable variation, personal Tythes having been much more productive before the Reformation of Religion than afterwards, and consequently a greater number of Clergymen maintained in populous places. Thus the City of London (within and without the Walls, but not including the Borough of Southwark) which now reckons One Hundred and Eight Parishes, forming no more than Seventy-two Ecclesiastical Benefices, had at that time One Hundred and Forty; Norwich in like manner is reduced from Seventy Parishes to Thirty-seven, and other ancient Cities in proportion: a sufficient indication that the number of Parishes in Towns was formerly suffered to increase in proportion to the Population: and (besides that personal Tythes and Dues must always have been in a great degree voluntary,) it appears from the Taxatio Ecclesiastica
, that the Profits accruing from one and the same Parish were not confined to one Spiritual Person, nor even to one Religious House or Community. Under such circumstances, it is not likely that Town-Parishes were anciently limited either in number or extent; but the conflicting Rights of Tythe-Owners, and the Perambulations ordained by The Canon Law, must have established the Boundaries of Country Parishes much earlier. In later times the Boundary of every Parish has been settled with precision, and Indeed rendered immutable any authority short or a special legislative enactment. This exact ness has been produced by the Laws for the Maintenance and Relief of the Poor, whose claims on a Parish being regulated by their legal Settlement in it, and the Assessment or Poor's Rate which takes place in consequence, being levied according to the property of the other Inhabitants, a double motive for ascertaining the Boundary of a Parish continually subsists, and has been frequently a subject of litigation since the Poor Laws became burdensome. When this began to take place, the Parishes of the Northern Counties were found to be much too large for the due administration of the Poor Laws, which must always be founded upon a personal knowledge of the situation and character of every one, applying for relief, and is therefore a subject to which no general rule can with propriety be applied. The inconvenience which was felt in the Northern Counties from, this cause will be easily explained, by stating, that Thirty or Forty square Miles is there no unusual area of a Parish; and (generally speaking) Parishes in the North average at Seven or Eight times the area of those in the Southern Counties. Hence in the 13th year of Charles II. (soon after his Restoration) a Law was passed, permitting Townships and Villages, though not entire Parishes, severally and distinctly to maintain their own Poor, assigning as a reason for this innovation, "That the Inhabitants of Lancashire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland, the Bishoprick of Dunham, Cumberland, and Westmorland, and many other Counties of England and Wales, fey reason of the largeness of the Parishes within the same, have not and cannot "reap the benefit of the Act of Parliament (43o
ELIZ.) for the Relief of the Poor." Under this Law the Townships of the North have become as distinctly limited in practice as if they were separate Parishes;8
and of course make separate Returns, which in the Abstract of 1801 are placed alphabetically in their several Wards and Hundreds, but are now arranged under their respective Parishes; whereby the perplexity arising from a crowd of explanatory Notes has been avoided, and the convenience of those who have occasion to ascertain the Population of a whole Parish, is best consulted. This arrangement appeared in all the Counties North of the Humber and the Dee, and occasionally elsewhere, in the Abstract of 1811, and is now extended throughout the Kingdom. The arrangement originated in Northumberland and Westmorland,9
but in extending it to the Southern Counties, the place which gives name to the whole Parish is always called Parish, though it be only part of the Parish (the less important designation merging in the other); nor could this be avoided without departing from the customary manner of speaking. A proper Note of Reference will always be found to accompany the name of every Parish which occurs oftener than, once, as not wholly contained in the same Hundred or other Division. Besides this immediate and indispensable purpose of the Notes, they will be found to embrace such other information as may tend to elucidate the arrangement and connection of places, or to obviate doubts which frequently arise where well-known places seem to have been omitted, being indeed included in the Return of their Parish. Many Notes are of a miscellaneous kind, extracted from the Returns themselves, whenever the information contained in them appeared to be useful, or explanatory of any remarkable increase or diminution of the Population; In attempting an arrangement of the kind above described, comprehending the whole Kingdom, the Question, What is a Parish- has often occurred, and has been found not easily determinable. It has been asserted, that a Parochial Chapel is that which hath the privileges of administering the Sacraments (especially that of Baptism) and the Office of Burial. "For the liberties of Baptism and Sepulture are the true distinct Parochial "Rights: and if any new Oratory had acquired and enjoyed this immunity, then it differed not from a Parish Church And till the year 1300, in a11 trials of the Rights of particular Churches, if it could be proved that any Chapel had a custom for free Baptism and Burial, such place was adjudged to be a Parochial Church"10
. But however true this may have been until the date of the Taxatio Ecclesiastica
before mentioned,-in the present sense of the word Parish, it is evidently fallacious, inasmuch as almost every Chapel of Ease would thereby constitute a separate Parish: and in the various degrees of the dependence of chapers on their mother churches (as some rule must be adhered to) it has been deemed safe to assume, that where the Curate is appointed 'and removable by the Incumbent of the Mother Church, and more certainly where Church-Rates still continue to be paid towards the Repair of such Church, the Chapelry is not Parochial. On the other hand, a perpetual
Curacy has not been struck out of the List of parishes merely because the Curate is appointed by the Incumbent of the Mother Church, his permanent Tenure (especially if the Curacy has been augmented under the Laws which direct the distribution of Queen Anne's Bounty11
) seeming to alter the case materially. But this attempt at definition is rather meant to shew what has been aimed at, than what has been accomplished; it being impossible to ascertain minutely all such circumstances. Nevertheless, the doubtful cases are not many; and for any general purpose the number of Parishes and Parochial Chapelries in England and Wales may safely be taken at 10,693. The Number of places in England and Wales of which the Population is distinctly stated in the present Abstract, is 15,773. The Number of Parishes in Scotland is 948; of Population Returns is 1,046. It has been found practicable in this Volume, without too much increasing the Notes, to state in one Total the number of Inhabitants in each Parish, when returned in Townships or Tythings; not without an especial view to the Ecclesiastical purposes of the Population Abstract, as regarding the Cure of Souls, and the degree of accommodation afforded in the several Parish Churches; the total number of persons in each Parish being every where shown in the Note referring to such Parish; or to the largest part of a Parish, when not entirely in the same County, Hundred, or other Division. In such cases, before the word Parish, the words (part of) are inserted. To arrive at a settled Orthography of the Names of places would manifestly be for general convenience, and this object has not been slighted, the name which appeared on each Return not having been, adopted without collation with the former Population Abstract of 1811, and occasionally with the several Poor Return Abstracts, whereby frequent errors have been corrected; but It is to be understood that this kind of correction has been applied only to the Enumeration Returns, not to those of the Clergymen; so that in the Parish-Register Abstract every name will be found exactly as it appeared to be spelled in the original Return. Besides Parishes and their Tythings or Townships, there are many places not contained within the Limits of any Parish, and thence called Extra-Parochial; and from some of these, Returns of their Population are not easily procurable. They are found usually to have been the site of Religious Houses, or of ancient Castles, the owners of which did not permit, any interference with their authority within their own Limits; and in rude times, the existence of such exemptions from the general Government of the Kingdom is not surprising. At present the case is widely different; and there seems to be no good reason for permitting Extra-Parochial places still to avoid shaving the burdens borne by the rest of the Community. Thus an Extra-Parochial place enjoys a virtual exemption from maintaining the Poor, because there is no Overseer on whom a Magistrate's Order may be served; from the Militia Laws, because there is no Constable to make Returns; from repairing the Highways, because there is no Surveyor; besides all which, the Inhabitants have a chance of escaping from direct taxation of every kind. For in the language of the antient law of England, such places were not 'Geldable nor Shireground,' non sub districlione curia Ficecomilis
: and as the Sheriff was the Receiver General in his County till about the time of the Revolution, Extra-Parochial places were neither taxable nor within the ordinary pale of civil jurisdiction; and the Inhabitants are still virtually exempt from many civil duties and offices served not without inconvenience by others for the benefit of the community at large. The number of such places is not inconsiderable, though difficult to be discovered; the present volume exhibits above 200 of them; and the subject is the more worthy of attention, inasmuch as the acquisition of new Land, whether by reclaiming Forests, Drainage of Fens, or Embankment from the Sea, furnishes frequent occasion for endeavouring even now to establish Extra-Parochial Immunities. The subject of complaint being an unreasonable exemption from certain general Laws, the remedy might be applied to that defect only; so that all places, where any person is found ready to act as Overseer of the Poor, Constable, and Surveyor of the Highways, might be permitted to remain as they are; but the Magistrates of each County might be empowered to annex all other Extra-Parochial places to adjoining Parishes for the purposes above described. Districts of larger extent may be found, which wider the name of Liberties
interrupt the general course of Law as affecting Hundreds, in like manner as Extra-Parochial places that of Parishes. In Dorsetshire, where this inconvenience chiefly prevails, the Grants of some of these Liberties are dated as late, as the Reign of Henry VIII, and even of Elizabeth. The proper Remedy for the Inconveniencies Arising out of these improvident Grants, might be to subject them to abolition by the County Magistrates, whenever by default in the appointment of proper Officers, these Liberties
(under whatever, title) are found to obstruct the due administration of Justice or of the Laws. Other deformities there are in the Territorial arrangement of England and Wales, which may be deemed the more worthy of attention, as of more easy remedy. Such have been already mentioned as causing Duplicate Returns, where Parishes extend into more Counties, or into more Hundreds than one. The number of places of the first class, in so far as they have been noted, is 134, scarcely any County not affording an instance, and some having Parishes intermixed with every surrounding County. The Parishes which extend into more Hundreds or Divisions than one, are much more numerous; and still more considerable is the number of those places which lie at a distance from their own County or Hundred, to the frequent inconvenience of the Inhabitants and of the Public. Indeed several of the Hundreds are so strangely scattered, that they might be advantageously merged in others, as from the conjoint name of some Hundreds seems formerly to have been done. Instances of the inconvenience here alluded to, and of the remedy, are most frequent in Wiltshire. Winkley Hundred in Somersetshire, Farringdon Hundred in Berkshire, that of Barton-Stacey in Hampshire, and some others, are remarkable instances of irregularity still in existence12
. The consideration of all these Anomalies might be referred to the County Magistrates, who alone could accurately point them out, and who best know by experience how far such places are inconvenient to the Inhabitants, or to the Public at large. After reasonable time allowed for the investigation, a single Act of Parliament might be passed, authorising and enforcing the several alterations pointed out by the Magistrates. The Land Tax Acts, which were annual in the test century, frequently make arrangements of this kind, applicable to the Assessment of the Land Tax, but not for other purposes. THE ENUMERATION of the whole Population may be considered as complete, no place being known finally to have omitted making Return. In cases where the name of a place differs from the Abstract of 1811, or where two places are included under one title, all the former Names are preserved in a Note, and in cases where any place has been transferred from one Hundred to another, explanation. is afforded in the same manner. The proportion of the Sexes was as 100 Males to no Females of the Resident Population in the years 1801 and 1811; at present to only 106 Females, a difference which may obviously be ascribed to the cessation of War, and the consequently smaller number of Males in the Array and Navy. In conclusion, it is proper to mention, that where the Total of any County, as laid before Parliament in February 1822, shall be found to differ from the Total in the present Volume, the latter is to be considered as the authentic Total, a few corrections on discovery of duplicate entries, of omissions, and of clerical errors, having been made on the final revision of the work. The only material error discovered in the Abstract of 1811, upon Collation with the present Abstract, occurs in the North Riding of the County of York, where from some clerical error in adding the Columns of the Liberty of Langbaurgh, an omission of 13,061 Persons took place, whence a diminution of Population between the Enumeration of 1801 and 1811 was ascribed to the North Riding, making it appear a singular; and unaccountable exception from the general increase. The error is now rectified in the comparative Table of Counties. [p. xxxii.] Concerning the Enumeration abstract, nothing more remains to be said, but that the Population of the Islands of Mann, of Jersey, of Guernsey, and its adjacent Isles, has been obtained for the first time, and is entered in the Appendix, p. 545. Connected with the Enumeration of Persons, a new QUESTION concerning their Ages was added in the Year 1821; viz. If you are of opinion that in making the preceding Enquiries (or at any time before returning this Schedule) the Ages of the several Individuals can be obtained in a manner satisfactory to yourself, and riot inconvenient to the Parties, be pleased to state (or cause to be stated) the Number of those who are under 5 years of age, of those between 5 and 10 years of age, between l0 and 15, between 15 and 20, between 20 and 30, between 30 and 40, between 40 and 50, between 50 and 60, between 60 and 70 between 70 and 80, between 80 and go, between 90 and 100, distinguishing Males from Females? It will be perceived, from the tenor of this QUESTION, that the ANSWERS to it were purposely left optional, both as regarding the Returning Officer, and the Persons to whom the Question was to be proposed by him. Doubtless it was foreseen that no complete Return to such a Question was to be expected; but it was also obvious that the Result sought, Would be attained with sufficient degree of certainty, without endeavouring to enforce the enquiry upon the entire Population. In fact the Return of Ages embraces EIGHT- NINTHS of the Persons enumerated; a proportion which shews so much general good will in execution of the Population Act, that the less laborious task of mere enumeration, cannot but have been performed in a careful manner to that extent at least. The AGES OF PERSONS (as returned) appear at the end of each County, but do not and cannot afford means of Comparison, unless by a Calculation which supposes the same number of Persons to exist in every County. This has been accomplished as far as Six places of Figures, and appears in the annexed TABLE. For the sake of Compression, the two last places of Figures are omitted, unless where they are necessary for accuracy in the columns which contain the more advanced stages of Human Life. [A large fold-out table giving numbers of males and of females in ten year age bands for the counties of England, similar to the table for Wales included below.] COMPARATIVE STATEMENT of the AGES OF PERSONS in the several Counties of WALES, on the 28th day of May 1821, as deduced from the RETURNS made under the POPULATION ACT; shewing, what would be the Number of Persons of the several specified Ages, supposing (for the sake of Comparison) the Number of Males whose Ages were returned from each County to have Ten Thousand, and the Number of Females to have Ten Thousand, respectively. N.B.
The DECIMAL PARTS having been omitted for the sake of brevity in the Number of Persons under 40 Years of Age, the Totals become liable to apparent Error, not exceeding One in the Ten Thousand. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT of the AGES of PERSONS in the several Shires of SCOTLAND, on the 28th day of May is as deduced from the RETURNS made under the POPULATION ACT; shewing, what would be the Number of Persons of the several specified Ages, supposing (for the sake of Comparison) the Number of Males whose Ages were returned from each Shire to have been Ten Thousand, and the Number of Females to have been Ten Thousands, respectively. N.B. - The DECIMAL PARTS having been omitted for the sake of brevity in the Number of Persons under 40 Years of Age, the Totals became liable to apparent Error, not exceeding one in the Ten Thousand. I.- Enumeration Abstract
HOUSES, FAMILIES and PERSONS, (with the Ages of Persons in the Year 1821)
were as follows; Viz.
THE SCHOOLMASTERS IN SCOTLAND:SUMMARY
AND COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ENUMERATIONS OF
1801; 1811; AND 1821.-
POPULATION 1801
RATE OF
POPULATION 1811
Rate of
Population 1821
Increase, p. Cent
Diminution, p.Cent
Increase, p. Cent
Diminution, p.Cent
ENGLAND
8,331,434
14¿
-
9,538,827
18
-
11,261,427
WALES
541,546
13
-
611,788
171
/5
-
717,438
SCOTLAND
1,599,068
13
-
1,805,688
15 6
/7
-
2,093,456
-
10,472,048
14
-
11,956,303
172
/3
-
14,072,331
ARMY,NAVY
470,598
36
-
640,500
-
50
319,300
TOTALS
10,942,646
15
-
12,596,803
14 1
/4
-
14,391,631
FEMALES
1801
Increase p. Cent
1811
Increase p. Cent
1821
5,492,354
14 or 14.02
6,262,716
154
/5
or 15.82
7,253,728
AGES OF PERSONS.
1. - ENGLAND
2. - WALES
MALES
COUNTIES of WALES
Under 5 Years
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
90 to 100
100 and upwards
ANGLESEY
1575
1499
1238
982
1385
1062
889.9
590.6
464.3
232.6
76.13
4.26
-
BRECON
1341
1288
1143
1028
1538
1162
912.8
682.3
519.7
273.8
98.73
11.64
.47
CARDIGAN
1535
1494
1268
1042
1325
1096
862.6
597.7
459.2
244.5
69.44
6.44
.36
CARMARTHEN
1604
1473
1259
1020
1389
1039
808.0
663.7
443.9
218.3
75.12
6.89
-
CARNARVON
1492
1484
1205
998
1389
1135
890.4
623.2
477.2
238.4
60.74
5.97
-
DENBIGH
1511
1367
1190
991
1429
1147
880.1
663.8
481.8
256.3
73.18
9.52
-
FLINT
1555
1370
1250
1003
1527
1123
845.3
647.7
428.8
188.1
56.68
4.93
-
GLAMORGAN
1460
1323
1201
1032
1566
1156
888.8
635.3
443.4
223.9
62.45
8.09
.21
MERIONETH
1405
1406
1151
1010
1313
1146
882.1
677.6
574.7
327.7
96.09
11.09
-
MONTGOMERY
1476
1321
1190
998
1452
1152
925.1
646.6
491.6
260.5
82.46
4.25
-
PEMBROKE
1619
1475
1197
986
1364
1019
843.9
676.7
484.7
246.7
77.70
10.44
-
RADNOR
1478
1361
1158
1002
1441
1096
863.7
640.7
556.6
305.3
90.26
6.19
-
WALES (collectively)
1514
1407
1210
1009
1433
1109
871.4
646.3
474.8
243.6
74.09
7.54
.09
FEMALES
ANGLESEY
1419
1296
1047
983
1589
1150
987.7
648.7
521.6
261.0
90.84
5.32
-
BRECON
1341
1218
1060
998
1589
1209
916.4
679.8
546.8
327.5
103.12
9.80
.93
CARDIGAN
1361
1333
1185
986
1552
1172
868.9
655.9
514.0
263.7
98.30
8.05
.67
CARMARTHEN
1412
1290
1096
1051
1556
1148
885.2
675.4
516.0
261.7
94.83
13.30
.64
CARNARVON
1328
1269
1121
1025
1549
1170
925.6
673.8
527.4
297.9
100.22
10.95
.34
DENBIGH
1398
1322
1081
971
1473
1149
924.4
697.6
575.1
288.2
107.82
12.01
-
FLINT
1501
1326
1115
1026
1515
1120
897.3
664.7
476.1
256.2
92.46
9.37
-
GLAMORGAN
1397
1297
1113
1004
1619
1180
901.6
629.2
494.7
252.0
101.89
9.84
.61
MERIONETH
1259
1170
1053
996
1450
1241
963.5
751.6
621.2
347.4
137.17
9.64
-
MONTGOMERY
1366
1218
1100
969
1547
1185
946.3
691.6
565.6
295.8
104.24
10.56
.35
PEMBROKE
1366
1264
1033
986
1670
1118
887.4
677.2
561.3
297.2
120.67
16.44
1.51
RADNOR
1367
1294
1082
1071
1474
1165
882.8
668.6
572.2
283.8
129.43
10.71
-
WALES (collectively)
1382
1281
1093
1003
1560
1163
911.6
672.6
535.5
281.4
104.76
10.95
.50
3. - SCOTLAND.
MALES
SHIRES of SCOTLAND
Under 5 Years
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
90 to 100
100 and upwards
ABERDEEN
1402
1248
1203
989
1456
1134
942.8
694.5
548.5
285.5
86.91
8.06
1.01
ARGYLL
1562
1480
1295
1110
1404
1021
761.8
609.8
478.8
203.7
55.53
16.96
.42
AYR
1592
1403
1265
1033
1475
1083
850.8
593.8
421.2
214.8
60.53
6.58
-
BANFF
1424
1269
1240
990
1394
1035
941.6
702.3
590.8
305.7
100.09
7.07
-
BERWICK
1473
1362
1225
1095
1508
1074
861.2
576.6
494.5
262.0
62.68
5.01
-
BUTE
1396
1360
1434
1046
1410
942
880.6
670.9
471.9
306.9
74.03
7.71
-
CAITHNESS
1250
1402
1297
1173
1514
983
848.1
719.2
530.4
219.8
56.35
6.34
-
CLACKMANNAN
1599
1532
1454
1045
1278
978
902.8
650.9
364.3
144.6
48.22
2.68
-
DUMBARTON
1472
1329
1362
1077
1615
999
854.8
684.9
365.8
187.3
45.95
7.80
-
DUMFRIES
1520
1459
1307
1078
1372
1054
858.8
624.7
437.0
221.3
63.15
5.07
.30
EDINBURGH
1501
1368
1175
961
1639
1310
956.3
580.2
337.3
138.5
30.94
2.85
.23
ELGIN
1420
1292
1252
1060
1493
1011
882.2
627.3
556.2
318.2
79.56
7.75
.70
FIFE
1473
1360
1261
998
1402
1074
939.0
682.2
510.5
243.4
54.20
3.91
.19
FORFAR
1356
1285
1151
1067
1382
1109
934.0
774.7
580.0
277.6
75.67
6.48
.29
HADDINGTON
1536
1426
1282
992
1457
1038
884.9
605.1
503.0
214.2
55.50
5.97
-
INVERNESS
1469
1458
1286
1073
1420
1068
780.5
684.1
470.8
197.7
76.23
14.67
1.92
KINCARDINE
1364
1265
1358
1010
1402
966
921.7
722.6
587.3
311.9
82.45
7.00
-
KINROSS
1301
1249
1153
1085
1511
1038
907.3
781.6
563.0
336.2
71.05
2.73
-
KIRKCUDBRIGHT
1563
1466
1339
964
1381
1068
871.9
640.8
431.4
203.0
61.00
10.80
-
LANARK
1606
1345
1266
1013
1548
1144
946.1
599.0
340.0
152.1
37.44
3.29
.09
LINLITHGOW
1570
1393
1316
946
1545
1093
907.8
534.0
414.3
234.8
40.51
5.52
-
NAIRN
1367
1271
1276
1025
1358
1127
925.8
702.4
615.5
278.0
52.12
2.48
-
ORKNEY and SHETLAND
1365
1258
1161
1029
1466
1009
913.1
780.1
639.0
296.1
78.96
4.39
-
PEEBLES
1418
1439
1406
1050
1630
973
872.5
550.1
366.7
245.8
44.33
4.03
-
PERTH
1294
1229
1238
1072
1557
1060
898.6
771.9
552.3
245.5
72.84
7.29
-
RENFREW
1680
1349
1197
1050
1636
1037
849.7
589.2
392.5
169.6
43.08
4.79
.74
ROSS and CROMARTY
1497
1398
1213
1020
1380
1099
865.2
701.0
479.3
243.3
80.20
18.12
4.24
ROXBURGH
1527
1407
1249
991
1403
1086
916.6
686.9
440.3
226.6
61.79
5.66
-
SELKIRK
1526
1569
1139
1083
1457
1101
904.8
645.9
343.2
171.6
56.16
3.12
-
STIRLING
1522
1358
1269
1102
1500
1033
909.3
606.4
462.1
197.3
35.30
4.01
-
SUTHERLAND
1369
1331
1263
1198
1477
1051
836.9
678.2
550.1
194.8
44.19
5.41
-
WIGTOWN
1551
1480
1215
964
1412
1025
868.2
664.4
480.6
255.4
72.35
10.07
1.26
SCOTLAND (collectively)
1494
1357
1247
1032
1490
1095
895.4
649.9
458.1
216.3
58.22
6.71
.43
FEMALES
SHIRES of SCOTLAND
Under 5 Years
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
90 to 100
100 and upwards
ABERDEEN
1186
1077
968
997
1683
1229
992.5
817.5
612.6
325.1
99.94
10.96
.38
ARGYLL
1482
1365
1148
977
1481
1175
872.9
730.3
487.2
203.1
65.04
12.88
.41
AYR
1404
1244
1118
1108
1712
1154
883.0
627.2
448.9
227.4
65.02
8.47
.15
BANFF
1221
1105
912
935
1661
1196
1013.9
883.3
662.3
310.2
91.92
8.48
-
BERWICK
1304
1231
1014
1034
1760
1176
876.5
682.4
568.1
276.3
69.50
6.32
.57
BUTE
1199
1167
1135
1116
1681
1066
984.6
742.9
577.6
256.7
66.91
6.83
-
CAITHNESS
1083
1147
1060
1119
1792
1176
985.6
806.7
583.5
190.1
52.99
4.37
.62
CLACKMANNAN
1455
1278
1247
999
1633
1207
887.4
677.0
393.0
169.9
48.17
2.54
2.54
DUMBARTON
1313
1199
1106
1186
1845
1105
880.4
640.1
452.6
199.9
57.55
14.78
.78
DUMFRIES
1316
1281
1138
1028
1670
1168
909.9
653.2
508.6
246.5
74.19
6.99
.27
EDINBURGH
1213
1108
1043
1074
2096
1363
953.7
583.6
304.8
156.2
39.55
2.80
.58
ELGIN
1160
1027
929
1040
1627
1223
1023.5
855.8
686.9
329.9
86.85
10.25
-
FIFE
1290
1171
1053
979
1704
1205
945.3
752.0
566.8
260.8
67.25
5.26
-
FORFAR
1128
1049
1059
1028
1785
1226
1010.7
824.9
585.2
238.2
58.17
5.52
.25
HADDINGTON
1311
1233
1022
1036
1656
1178
922.1
749.8
534.8
272.1
72.95
11.52
-
INVERNESS
1338
1268
1092
1072
1597
1198
873.1
777.6
476.4
197.5
87.05
17.82
4.67
KINCARDINE
1147
1050
1016
923
1707
1229
983.7
861.2
663.1
312.5
98.03
8.85
.68
KINROSS
1197
1133
1021
997
1758
1121
1004.4
811.8
597.3
290.1
63.38
4.88
-
KIRKCUDBRIGHT
1366
1252
1068
1043
1809
1180
839.7
671.0
473.2
218.9
70.84
8.36
-
LANARK
1373
1165
1083
1139
1867
1217
933.6
617.9
387.0
165.6
47.44
3.95
.47
LINLITHGOW
1434
1231
1048
929
1761
1136
892.2
689.4
556.7
244.5
70.94
7.51
-
NAIRN
1093
998
965
1019
1530
1205
1072.1
868.8
833.8
353.2
51.34
10.27
-
ORKNEY and SHETLAND
1121
1015
840
897
1788
1238
1079.5
872.9
717.0
337.1
87.59
4.83
1.21
PEEBLES
1373
1276
1156
1122
1909
1027
853.6
632.3
426.8
183.8
29.64
9.88
-
PERTH
1134
1114
1049
1037
1798
1203
995.9
816.3
546.9
236.7
63.36
5.76
.27
RENFREW
1550
1250
1142
1117
1817
1080
840.3
588.9
384.5
176.6
47.89
5.32
.17
ROSS and CROMARTY
1224
1173
972
957
1707
1270
968.5
805.8
586.7
223.8
90.98
16.27
4.98
ROXBURGH
1324
1272
1065
989
1706
1158
929.0
697.7
526.9
260.6
65.63
4.65
.46
SELKIRK
1413
1390
1116
988
1693
1165
894.5
635.2
419.6
209.8
58.28
17.48
-
STIRLING
1385
1260
1007
1101
1721
1128
928.2
692.8
519.4
183.5
65.06
7.90
-
SUTHERLAND
1204
1153
1076
1082
1687
1215
947.3
813.2
568.5
188.2
61.17
4.70
-
WIGTOWN
1348
1281
1103
994
1689
1123
908.5
685.1
550.2
237.2
72.36
9.19
-
SCOTLAND (collectively)
1294
1177
1057
1048
1769
1204
937.9
711.6
502.2
225.5
65.18
7.42
.60
4. - ISLANDS OF GUERNSEY, JERSEY, &.
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE AGES OF PERSONS IN THE ISLANDS OF GUERNSEY, JERSEY, AND MANN.
MALES
ISLANDS OF
Under 5 Years
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
90 to 100
100 and upwards
GUERNSEY
1454
1370
1150
958
1329
1215
924.5
795.2
491.6
235.3
74.59
2.10
-
JERSEY
1527
1343
1064
962
1519
1264
1015.6
672.5
415.1
159.3
53.62
4.60
-
MANN
1457
1369
1191
1026
1496
1119
926.8
658.2
462.9
230.9
59.69
3.14
-
Total of MALES
1478
1361
1141
990
1465
1186
954.1
696.4
454.5
209.5
61.19
3.36
-
FEMALES
ISLANDS OF
Under 5 Years
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
90 to 100
100 and upwards
GUERNSEY
1183
1149
948
942
1815
1374
895.8
795.9
512.0
276.8
102.58
5.31
-
JERSEY
1223
1130
946
987
1690
1306
1020.3
776.6
569.6
255.2
88.72
7.07
-
MANN
1332
1258
1088
1095
1578
1117
968.8
688.2
540.5
244.2
83.16
5.74
-
Total of FEMALES
1261
1190
1009
1024
1671
1239
968.3
742.5
543.3
255.5
89.57
6.07
-
5. - THE METROPOLIS.
| TOTAL OF | Under 5 Years | 5 to 10 | 10 to 15 | 15 to 20 | 20 to 30 | 30 to 40 | 40 to 50 | 50 to 60 | 60 to 70 | 70 to 80 | 80 to 90 | 90 to 100 | 100 and upwards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALES | 1397 | 1095 | 936 | 865 | 1718 | 1548 | 1203.9 | 730.7 | 353.6 | 128.5 | 22.47 | 1.69 | .21 |
| FEMALES | 1216 | 995 | 834 | 959 | 2062 | 1567 | 1092.4 | 690.9 | 38838 | 156.4 | 34.64 | 3.93 | .32 |
IN the application of the foregoing TABLES, some allowance ought to be made for the increasing duration of Life during the last hundred years; that is to say, persons of advanced age would be more numerous at present, (because fewer of them would have died) had the chances of life been as high during the last hundred years as they are now became. Something more on this subject will be found in a sebsequent part of these Observations. [See p. XXVI.]
The number of Females, between the Ages of 20 and 30, exceeds the corresponding number of Males as stated in every County (except Monmouth); and the higher ages of Females probably partake of the same fallacy, so far as to induce Calculators to rely on the Table of Male Ages only. They may also be induced to attach an inferior degree of credit to the Ages of Males as well as Females in Scotland, where is wanting in a great degree the record of Parish Registers, and very advanced Ages cannot but rest on repute rather than on knowledge and evidence.
FOOTNOTES
1 . Tacitus seems to describe a Hundred-Court very exactly: Eliguntur et principes qui jura per pagos vicosque reddunt: Centeni singulis ex plebe comites, concilium simul et auctoritas, adsunt. De Morib. German.
2 . Numerus Anglice computatur 1 Cent. pro CXX. Domesday Book, VoL 1. p.336; In Civ.Line.
3 .22o Hen.VIII. c.12. A.D. 1531.
4 . 43o Eliz. &c 12-13o Car.II.
5 . 27o Hen.VIII. c.26 See p.471. Enum.Abst.28o Hen.VIII. c3. 31o Hen.VIII. c11.
6 . Information has recently been requested from the several Clerks of the Peace, as to the number of places in England and Wales where Petty Sessions or Divisional; Meetings are usually holden; they amount to 595; and the number of acting County Magistrates is 4,430; but many of these no doubt act under more than one Commission of the Peace, which must make the real number much less. (For particulars, see p. xxxiv.)
7 . Enum. Abstr. pp.550, 551. Par. Reg. Abstr. pp. 157-160.
8 . Yet in some cases the above Law of Cha. II. has not been deemed to have effected its purpose finally, so that the Townships seem to remain always liable to separation and partition upon application to neighbouring Magistrates: an opinion by which private property is largely endangered, and a new source of Litigation opened. Might it not be judicious to prevent these evils by a declaratory Law, against alteration of the limit of any District, now maintaining the Poor separately.
9 . Mr. Davidson, Clerk of the Peace for the County of Northumberland, arranged the Townships of that County under their several Parishes, in 1777; and W. W. Carus Wilson, Esq. an active Magistrate in Westmorland, did the same for that County, in 1802;-in arranging the other Counties, when original information could not be procured, recourse was had to Mr. Carlisle's Topographical Dictionary, which experience proved to be worthy of confidence.
10 . Degge Pars. Coun. P.1. c.12.
11 . The Act of 1o Geo. I. c. 10. ¿ 4. is not positive on this point; for, after declaring "that all such Churches, Curacies, and Chapels, which shall be augmented by the Governors of the Bounty of Queen Anne, shall be from the time of such augmentations, Perpetual Cures and Benefices,"-in the next Section (¿ 5.) it goes on to provide, "That no Rector or Vicar of the "Mother Church having Cure of Souls within the Parish or Place where such augmented Church or Chapel shall be situate, shall thereby be divested or discharged from the same; but the Cure of Souls, with all other Parochial Rights and Duties, shall hereafter remain in the same state, "plight, and manner, as before the making of this Act, and as if this Act had not been made."
12 . See respective Notes.