Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List England Dep	East Riding RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	73,230
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	951
(1) Officers of National Government	527
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	101
Post Office	138
Inland Revenue	67
Customs	214
Government Messengers, Workmen	3
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	4
(2) Officers of Local Government	423
Magistrate	28
Police	255
Prison Officer	32
Union and Parish Officer	72
Officer of Local Board	5
Other Local Officers	31
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	1
E. India and Col. Service	1
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	931
(1) Army	637
Army Officer	57
Army Half-pay Officer	23
Soldier	326
Chelsea Pensioner	177
Militia	50
Others	4
(2) Navy	294
Navy Officer	24
Navy Half-pay Officer	13
Seaman, R.N.	173
Royal Marine	10
Greenwich Pensioner	25
Others	49
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	2,277
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	496
Clergyman	263
Protestant Minister	129
Roman Catholic Priest	19
Other Relig. Teachers	21
Parish Clerk	26
Other Church Officers	38
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	419
Barrister	15
Solicitor	173
Law Student	9
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	37
Law Clerk	167
Law Stationer	18
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	631
Physician	31
Surgeon, Apothecary	179
Medical Student, Assist.	21
Dentist	47
Druggist	343
Others	10
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	30
Author, Editor, Writer	11
Ors. eng. in Literature	19
(5) Artists	121
Artist, Painter	49
Sculptor	8
Engraver	22
Photographic Artist	42
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	118
Musician	83
Music-master	35
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	36
Actor	16
In Theatres, Exhibitions	20
(8) Teachers	395
Schoolmaster	326
Teacher of Languages	19
Profes. of Mathematics	6
Teacher (General)	32
Teacher of Dancing	6
Other Teachers	6
(9) Scientific Persons	31
Civil Engineer	20
Other Scientific Persons	11
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	168
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	125
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	125
(4) Scholars (so described)	43
Scholar (so described)	43
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	2,124
(1) In Board and Lodging	1,050
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	480
Publican	395
Beerseller	45
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	61
Coffee-house Keeper	35
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	2
Others--Boarding, &c.	32
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	1,074
Domst. Serv. (General)	391
Coachman	94
Groom	233
Gardener	127
Inn Servant	190
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	38
Others	1
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	2,088
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	1,595
Merchant	237
Banker	17
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	36
Stock Broker, &c.	14
Ship Broker, Agent	74
Broker	38
Agent, Factor	148
Coal, Colliery Agent	18
Iron Merchant, Agent	7
Salesman	5
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	63
Accountant	46
Commercial Clerk	685
Commercial Traveller	177
Other Mercantile Men	30
(2) Other General Dealers	493
Pawnbroker	54
Marine-store Dealer	76
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	90
Shopkeeper	52
Hawker, Pedlar	220
Other General Dealers	1
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	7,343
(1) Carriers on Railways	988
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	202
Railway Official	258
Railway Servant	521
Railway Police	6
Ors. eng. in	1
(2) Carriers on Roads	914
Toll Collector	39
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	50
Livery Staple Keeper	10
Coachman (not domstc.)	133
Cabman, Flyman	75
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	607
Others	0
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	735
Canal and River Service	20
Bargeman, Waterman	714
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	4,304
Shipowner	82
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	2,848
Pilot	73
Boatman on Seas	12
Dock Servant, Labourer	1,048
Wharfinger	24
Others	217
(5) Engaged in Storage	176
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	132
Others in Storage	44
(6) Messengers and Porters	226
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	194
Telegraph Service	32
Others in Messages	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	21,592
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	20,410
Land Proprietor	211
Farmer, Grazier	4,136
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	1,109
Farm Bailiff	302
Agricultural Labourer	10,973
Shepherd (out-door)	297
Farm Servant (in-door)	3,236
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	55
Others in Agriculture	91
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	70
Woodman	70
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	1,112
Gardener	1,084
Nurseryman	28
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1,737
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1,737
Horse Dealer	44
Horsebreaker	79
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	562
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	88
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	172
Drover	45
Pig Merchant, Dealer	25
Gamekeeper	150
Vermin Destroyer	47
Fisherman	510
Others about Animals	15
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	10,405
(1) In Books	460
Bookseller, Publisher	96
Bookbinder	70
Printer	263
Newspaper Agent	24
Others in Publications	7
(2) In Musical Instrument	76
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	63
Others	13
(3) In Prints and Pictures	38
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	20
Others	18
(4) In Carving and Figures	64
Wood-carver	48
Others	16
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	8
Toy Maker, Dealer	8
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	0
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	3
Pattern Designer	1
Others	2
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	183
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	153
Optician	20
Weight or Measure Mkr.	2
Others	8
(8) In Surgical Instruments	7
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	7
Others	0
(9) In Arms	26
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	26
Others	0
(10) In Machines	956
Eng. and Mach. Maker	851
Spindle-maker	1
Needle manufacture	1
Scissors-maker	2
Tool Maker, Dealer	39
File-maker	11
Saw Smith, Maker	8
Cutler	33
Blade Maker, Forger	2
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	8
(11) In Carriages	254
Coachmaker	245
Others	9
(12) In Harness	225
Saddler, Harness-maker	206
Whip-maker	19
(13) In Ships	959
Shipbldr., Shipwright	699
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	64
Boat, Barge,--Builder	15
Sailmaker	105
Others	76
(14) In Houses and Buildings	5,522
House Proprietor	205
House Agent	17
Architect	42
Surveyor	8
Builder	152
Carpenter, Joiner	2,272
Bricklayer	1,361
Marble Mason	51
Mason, Pavior	377
Slater, Tiler	50
Plasterer	65
Paperhanger	31
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	891
Others	0
(15) In Furniture	794
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	625
Undertaker	1
Chair-maker	35
Picture-frame Maker	7
Carver, Gilder	69
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	8
Furniture Broker	45
Others	4
(16) In Implements	610
Wheelwright	445
Millwright	128
Other Implement Mkrs.	37
(17) In Chemicals	220
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	81
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	67
Dyer, Calenderer	44
Others	28
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	6,480
(1) In Wool and Worsted	90
Woolstapler	15
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	47
Clothier	5
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	2
Worsted manufacture	3
Stuff manufacture	3
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	9
Others	6
(2) In Silk	33
Silk manufacture	9
Silk Dyer, Printer	9
Silk Mercer	15
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	0
(3) In Cotton and Flax	540
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	135
Thread manufacture	1
Lace manufacture	3
Cotton manufacture	390
Fustian manufacture	1
Muslin manufacture	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	1
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	1
Others	7
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	605
Packer and Presser	7
Weaver (undefined)	6
Manchester Warehmn.	0
Draper, Mercer	576
Others	16
(5) In Dress	4,943
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	178
Hatter, Hat manuf.	78
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	5
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	10
Tailor	1,816
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	33
Button-maker	1
Hose manufacture	4
Hosier, Haberdasher	54
Glover, Leather, &c.	10
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	2,695
Patten, Clog,--Maker	29
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	11
Others providing Dress	19
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	269
Mat Maker, Seller	6
Rope, Cord,--Maker	175
Canvas Maker, Dealer	13
Sailcloth manufacture	11
Others	64
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	5,031
(1) In Animal Food	1,553
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	183
Cheesemonger	8
Butcher, Meat Salesman	997
Provision Curer, Dealer	126
Poulterer, Game Dealer	28
Fishmonger	203
Others	8
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,741
Corn Merchant, Dealer	355
Miller	553
Flour Dealer, Agent	45
Baker	230
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	229
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	186
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	14
Potato Merchant	22
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	96
Sugar Refiner	4
Others	7
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,737
Maltster	84
Brewer, &c.	231
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	149
Distiller, Rectifier	6
Cellarman	8
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	21
Grocer, Tea Dealer	1,110
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	9
Tobacconist	57
Others	62
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	827
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	231
Soap-boiler	28
Tallow-chandler	69
Comb-maker	67
Others	67
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	495
Fellmonger	54
Skinner	6
Tanner	201
Currier	219
Others	15
(3) In Hair	101
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	7
Brush, Broom,--Maker	94
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,794
(1) In Gums and Resins	430
Oil Miller, Refiner	340
Oil and Colourman	10
French-polisher	48
Japanner	0
Others	32
(2) In Wood	1,045
Timber Merch., Dealer	168
Wood Dealer	24
Sawyer	296
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	1
Lath-maker	128
Turner	96
Box-maker	3
Cooper	301
Hoop Maker, Bender	0
Others	28
(3) In Bark	83
Cork Cutter, manuf.	82
Others Workers in Bark	1
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	137
Basket-maker	114
Hay and Straw Dealer	17
Thatcher	0
Others	6
(5) In Paper	99
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	36
Paper manufacture	16
Stationer (not Law)	30
Paper-stainer	11
Others Workers in Paper	6
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	5,185
(1) In Mining	15
Coal-miner	11
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	0
Others	4
(2) In Coal	635
Coal Merchant, Dealer	253
Coalheaver, Labourer	198
Coke Burner, Dealer	1
Chimney Sweeper	76
Gas Works Service	103
Other Workers in Coal	4
(3) In Stone, Clay	1,141
Stone Quarrier	25
Stone Cutter, Polisher	13
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	12
Clay Labourer	5
Brick Maker, Dealer	488
Railway Labourer	321
Platelayer	99
Excavator, Navvy	17
Road Contractor, &c.	11
Road Labourer	61
Scavenger	7
Dust Collector	0
Others	82
(4) In Earthenware	151
Earthenware manuf.	39
Tobacco-pipe Makers	53
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	55
Others	4
(5) In Glass	131
Glass manufacture	130
Other Workers in Glass	1
(6) In Salt	10
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	10
(7) In Water	27
Waterworks Service	19
Others	8
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	91
Goldsmith, Jeweller	87
Plater, Plated Wareman	2
Others	2
(9) In Copper	18
Copper manufacture	3
Coppersmith	15
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	201
Tin manufacture	42
Tinman, Tinker	92
Tinplate Worker	67
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	1
Zinc manufacture	1
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	13
Lead manufacture	12
Typefounder	1
Others	0
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	186
Brass Founder, manuf.	95
Brazier	13
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3
Gasfitter	36
Wire Maker, Drawer	2
Wire Worker, Weaver	32
Others	5
(14) In Iron and Steel	2,565
Iron manufacture	556
Whitesmith	271
Blacksmith	1,208
Nail manufacture	42
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	7
Boiler-maker	334
Ironmonger	119
Hardwareman, Dealer	10
Steel manufacture	0
Grinder (branch undef.)	2
Others	16
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	3,397
(1) General Labourers	3,232
Labourer	3,232
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	165
Mechanic	21
Shopman	17
Apprentice	2
Others of indef. occu.	125
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	253
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	253
Gentleman	148
Annuitant	105
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	160
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	141
Dependent on Relatives	4
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	6
Pauper, no stated occ.	62
Lunatic, no stated occ.	38
Others	31
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	2
Prisoner, no stated occ.	2
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	17
Vagrant, Beggar	14
Gipsy	3
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	487
Visitor, no stated occ.	36
Others of no stated occupation or condition	451

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.