Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Brighton RegD/Inc	St Peter SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	254	5
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	33	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	50	-
Police	130	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	26	3
Other Local or County Official	13	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	107	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	25	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	19	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	4	-
Army Pensioner	33	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	5	1
Seaman, R.N.	5	-
Navy Pensioner	16	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	715	645
Clergymen (Established Church)	42	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	13	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	16	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	3
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	13	4
Barrister, Solicitor	28	-
Law Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	67	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	29	-
Dentist	25	-
Medical Student, Assistant	8	1
Midwife	-	4
Subordinate Medical Service	7	155
Schoolmaster	90	288
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	42	65
School Service, and others connected with teaching	9	9
Author, Editor, Journalist	15	3
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	8	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	6	1
Civil Engineer	15	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	21	8
Engraver (artist)	6	-
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	22	-
Musician, Music Master	116	64
Art Student	9	3
Photographer	47	16
Actor	15	12
Art, Music, Theatre Service	5	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	7	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	14	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	526	5,425
Domestic Coachman, Groom	95	-
Domestic Gardener	19	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	155	2,960
Inn, Hotel Servant	170	75
College, Club Service	1	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	2
Cook (not domestic)	8	24
Charwoman	1	426
Washing and Bathing Service	64	1,883
Hospital and Institution Service	7	50
Others engaged in Service	5	3
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	577	46
Merchant	10	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	40	4
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	26	1
Accountant	38	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	4	4
Commercial Traveller	101	4
Commercial Clerk	300	31
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	4	-
Bank Service	19	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	5	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	30	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,973	20
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	125	2
Railway Guard	59	1
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	14	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	332	8
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	78	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	323	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	334	2
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	45	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	28	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	50	-
Ship Steward, Cook	-	1
Boatman on Seas	6	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	3	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	21	2
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	537	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	12	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	434	9
Farmer, Grazier	21	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	2	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	143	6
Shepherd	1	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	2	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	13	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	24	2
Gardener (not domestic)	224	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	277	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	6	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	120	2
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	15	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	10	-
Drover	6	-
Gamekeeper	2	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	113	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	2	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	314	25
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	39	6
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	2	-
Bookbinder	28	15
Printer	216	3
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	20	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	7	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	460	17
Engine, Machine Maker	81	2
Millwright	11	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	153	-
Boiler Maker	79	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	5	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	7	-
Saw Maker	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	70	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	2	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	11	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	6	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	-	3
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	24	-
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	5	11
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	3,804	97
Builder	118	1
Carpenter, Joiner	861	5
Bricklayer	994	1
Mason	94	2
Slater, Tiler	14	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	306	1
Paperhanger	71	1
Plumber	157	2
Painter, Glazier	691	5
Cabinet Maker	185	63
French Polisher	45	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	44	6
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	1
Gas Fitter	106	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	26	3
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	17	-
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	10	-
Carver, Gilder	42	-
Dealer in Works of Art	4	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	11	3
Artificial Flower Maker	1	2
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	369	2
Coachmaker	232	2
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	48	-
Wheelwright	50	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	31	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	24	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	9	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	4	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Sail Maker	10	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	54	7
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	49	6
Manufacturing Chemist	3	1
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	31	4
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	19	4
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	12	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,840	323
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	127	18
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	17	117
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	19	6
Maltster	15	-
Brewer	112	4
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	77	27
Cellarman	36	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	44	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	109	6
Cheesemonger, Butterman	6	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	248	8
Provision Curer, Dealer	25	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	25	2
Fishmonger	75	10
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	21	1
Corn Miller	10	-
Baker	335	21
Confectioner, Pastrycook	53	25
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	121	31
Sugar Refiner	6	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	303	40
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	56	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	187	102
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Mat Maker, Seller	1	1
Net Maker	1	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	2	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	12	13
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	4	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	158	66
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	9
Embroiderer	-	8
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	805	1,900
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	20	5
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	5
Tailor	364	91
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	1,452
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	304
Hosier, Haberdasher	11	2
Glover, Glove Maker	2	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	330	21
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	64	5
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	5
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	9
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	53	8
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	10	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	9	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Furrier, Skinner	5	3
Currier	11	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	8	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	8	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	263	31
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Oil and Colourman	16	3
Japanner	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Others	-	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	28	6
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	5	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	33	-
Sawyer	49	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	13	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	24	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	25	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	7	2
Envelope Maker	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	27	7
Paper Stainer	1	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	10
Ticket, Label Writer	7	-
Others	7	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,096	14
Coal Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	51	-
Coalheaver	46	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	50	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	1
Limeburner	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	23	-
Paviour	7	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	30	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	29	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	140	1
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	6	1
Glass Manufacture	6	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	20	4
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	-
Waterworks Service	10	1
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	36	-
Gold, Silver, Beater	6	-
[Iron Manufacture]	160	1
Blacksmith	194	1
Whitesmith	76	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	46	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	11	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	43	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	11	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	2	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	53	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	2
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	4	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	5	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	6	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,654	236
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	89	100
Pawnbroker	13	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	179	89
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	10	5
Contractor (undefined)	4	-
General Labourer	1,219	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	49	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	44	9
Apprentice (undefined)	13	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	19	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	15	28
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	39	2
Town Drainage Service	4	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	23	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	11	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	374	2,617
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	374	2,617
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	212	7,470
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	12	4
[Blank field, or illegible]	200	7,466

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)