CENSUS

ENGLAND AND WALES

1921

GENERAL REPORT

WITH

APPENDICES

LONDON:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses:
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or through any Bookseller.

1927.

Price 5s. 0d. Net.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

REPORT.

			Page
I.—	INTRODUCTION —
	1.	Historical Survey	1

	2.	Preparations for the Census	1
		(a) Legislation	1
		(b) Preparation of schedule and method of presenting results	1
		(c) Preparatory work at Census Office	3

	3.	Scheme of publication	4

	4.	Progress after Census Day	5
		(a) Duties of local officers and issue of Preliminary Report	5
		(b) Tabulation Procedure	6
		(c) Publication	7

	5.	Staff employed	8

	6.	Cost of the Census	9

II.—	POPULATION —
	1.	General—
		Definition of Population	10
		Postponement of the census	11
		Exceptions to normal classification by place of enumeration	11
		Population of England and Wales	11
		Intercensal Movement	12
		Revision of Intercensal Estimates of Population	15
		International Changes in Population	16
		Density of Population	18
		Divisions of the Country	18
		Geographical Divisions	19

	2.	Administrative Areas—	19
		County Areas	22
		Densities of Population in Counties	23
		Urban and Rural Divisions	23
		London and Great Towns	25
		London Administrative County and the "Outer Ring"	28
		Civil Parishes, and Wards of Urban Areas	29
		Poor Law Unions and Registration Areas	29

	3.	Parliamentary Areas	30

	4.	Ecclesiastical Areas	32

	5.	Other Areas	33

III.—	BUILDINGS, DWELLINGS, ROOMS AND FAMILIES —
	Scope of the Inquiry		34
	Definition of "Private Family"		35
	Definition of "Rooms"		35
	Buildings and Dwellings		35
	Proportion of Families to Dwellings		37
	Size of Family in relation to Number of Rooms occupied		39
	Comparison (by number of rooms) of Dwellings and separate Family-occupations		44
	Families and Housing in Urban and Rural Districts		45
	Families and Housing in Counties and Large Towns		48

IV.—	INSTITUTIONS		58

V.—	SEXES, AGES AND MARITAL CONDITIONS —
	1.	Sexes—
		Sex Proportions	60
		Local Variations in Sex Proportions	62
		Sex Proportions in other Countries	63

	2.	Ages—
		Tabulation	63
		Comparison with previous censuses	64
		Comparison with other Countries	67
		Sections of the country	69
		Misstatements	72
		(1) Local Errors	72
		(2) Deliberate or Biased Misstatements and Omissions	76

	3.	Marital Conditions	81
		Census Ages of Husbands and Wives	174

VI.—	EDUCATION		84

VII.—	OCCUPATIONS AND INDUSTRIES —
	1.	Scope of the Inquiry	85
	2.	Revised Classifications	86
	3.	Proportions occupied at various Ages	89
	4.	Occupations of Males	93
	5.	Occupations of Females	117
	6.	Age Distribution in Occupations. Males	127
	7.	Age Distribution in Occupations. Females	132
	8.	Occupations of Foreigners	137
	9.	Industries	137

VIII.—	BIRTHPLACE AND NATIONALITY —
	Scope of the Inquiry		146
	Summary of Birthplaces		146
	Natives of Scotland and Ireland		148
	Persons Born in British Dominions, etc.		149
	Persons Born in Foreign Countries, or at Sea		150
	1.	British Subjects Born in Foreign Countries	151
	2.	British Subjects by Birth	151
	3.	British Subjects by Naturalization	152
	4.	Foreign Born Persons of Alien and Unstated Nationality	152
	5.	Local Distribution of Foreigners	155
	6.	Sex, Age and Martial Condition of Foreigners	157
	7.	Occupations of Foreigners	160
	8.	Persons Born at Sea	160

IX.—	DEPENDENCY, ORPHANHOOD, AND FERTILITY —
	1.	Dependency	160
	2.	Orphanhood	171
	3.	Fertility	175

X.—	WELSH LANGUAGE		183
	Age distribution of the several classes		185
	Local distribution of the several language classes		187

XI.—	WORKPLACES		190

TABLES.

		Page
POPULATION
I.	Population, 1801-1921. England and Wales	12
II.	Intercensal Movements, 1871-1921	14
III.	Annual Movement, 1911-20	14
IV.	Revised Intercensal Estimates of Population of England and Wales, 1911-20	16
V.	Population and Approximate Decennial Increase per cent. in England and Wales and in certain other Countries, 1891-1921	17
VI.	Densities at each Census, 1801-1921. England and Wales	18
VII.	Populations and Intercensal Changes in six Geographical Divisions of England and Wales, 1901-1921	19
VIII.	Administrative Counties (including County Boroughs) arranged in order of Population, 1921	20
IX.	Administrative Counties (including County Boroughs) arranged in order of 1911-21 Increase per cent. of Population, and showing the Increase per cent. of Population in the Intercensal Periods 1911-21 and 1901-11 respectively, and the Number of Persons per Acre at the 1921 Census	20
X.	Comparison of aggregates of Urban and Rural Districts, 1891-1921. England and Wales	23
XI.	Classification of Urban Districts by Population. England and Wales	24
XII.	Increase in aggregates of Towns of various sizes, 1891-1921. England and Wales	24
XIII.	Population, 1901-21. Towns with Population over 50,000; arranged according to size	25
XIV.	Population, 1861-1921. London and the "Outer Ring"	28

BUILDINGS, ETC.
XV.	Buildings. England and Wales, 1921	36
XVI.	Number of Dwellings and Private Families, England and Wales, 1921 and 1911	37
XVII.	Distribution of 10,000 Dwellings according to size of Occupation, England and Wales, 1921	37
XVIIII.	Distribution of 1,000 Dwellings according to size of Occupation, and Average number of Families per Dwelling in certain Administrative Counties	38
XIX.	Distribution of Private Families according to the Number of Rooms occupied. England and Wales	39
XX.	Distribution of Private Families according to the Number of Persons in Family. England and Wales	40
XXI.	Population and Proportion per cent. of Population living under various conditions of Room Accommodation, 1921 and 1911. England and Wales	41
XXII.	Rooms per Family and Rooms per Person, 1911 and 1921. England and Wales	42
XXIII.	Distribution of 1,000 Private Families by size of family, 1921	45
XXIV.	Distribution of 1,000 Private Families by number of rooms occupied, 1921	45
XXV.	Density of Occupation, 1921	47
XXVI.	Housing of Private Families, 1921. England and Wales and Administrative Counties	50
XXVII.	Housing of Private Families, 1921. Large Towns	52

INSTITUTIONS.
XXVIII.	Institutional and other special types of Population in England and Wales	59
XXIX.	Institutional and other special types of Population. Age Distribution (Inmates only)	60

SEXES, AGES AND MARTIAL CONDITIONS.
XXX.	Ratio of Females to 1,000 Males. England and Wales	61
XXXI.	Proportions of Females per 1,000 Males. England and Wales and Counties	62
XXXII.	Countries arranged in order of 1921 Sex Proportions, showing also 1911 comparisons	63
XXXIII.	Population of England and Wales in Age Groups, 1921 and 1911	65
XXXIV.	Proportionate Population of England and Wales in Age Groups, 1921 and 1911	65
XXXV.	Number of Males and Females in various Age Groups in 1,000 Persons at all Ages in several Countries	67
XXXVI.	Age Distribution of the Population in various Countries per cent. of that in England and Wales, 1921	68
XXXVII.	Sex and Age Constitution of sections of the Population, 1921	71
XXXVIII.	Comparison by Age Groups of Enumerated Population in 1921, with the Numbers expected by survivorship from the 1911 Enumerated Population after allowing for the Births, Civilian Deaths and Civilian Migration of the intervening Period	79
XXXIX.	Age, Sex and Martial Condition Distribution, 1921	81
XL.	Excess of Females in the marriageable Population (i.e., Single and Widowed, and Divorced), aged 20 years and over	82
XLI.	Martial Conditions: Proportions by Sexes in Age Groups. England and Wales (1881-1921), Large Aggregates and Geographical Divisions (1921)	83

EDUCATION.
XLII.	Education-Sex and Age Incidence, England and Wales	85

OCCUPATIONS AND INDUSTRIES.
XLIII.	Proportion of Occupied per 1,000 Males and Females at certain Age Groups. England and Wales, Six Industrial Areas, and each Administrative County (with associated County Boroughs)	90
XLIV.	Proportion (per 1,000 Males aged 12 years and over) of those engaged in the several Occupational Orders or Sub-Orders and locally important occupations. England and Wales, etc.	94
XLV.	Relative positions of the Six Industrial Areas and of the several Administrative Counties in respect of the incidence among Males aged 12 and over of those engaged in certain Occupational Orders	98
XLVI.	Relative numerical importance of Agricultural Occupations, Males	100
XLVII.	Females per cent. of total Workers in the chief Textile Occupations	107
XLVIII.	Workers (both sexes) in various Textile Occupations per cent. of total Textile Workers	108
XLIX.	Proportion (per 1,000 Females aged 12 years and over) of those engaged in the several Occupational Orders or Sub-Orders and locally important occupations. England and Wales, etc.	118
L.	Males in each Occupation reduced to the standard of 1,000 and classified in 12 Age Groups	128
LI.	Females in each Occupation reduced to the standard of 1,000 and classified in 12 Age Groups	133
LII.	Occupied Males in each of 16 Age Groups reduced to the standard of 1,000 and classified according to 42 Occupational Orders or Sub-Orders and important single occupations	135
LIII.	Occupied Females in each of 16 Age Groups reduced to the standard of 1,000 and classified according to the 31 Occupational Orders and important single occupations	136
LIV.	Numbers aged 10 and over engaged in certain Industries, 1881-1921	143

BIRTHPLACE AND NATIONALITY.
LV.	Birthplaces of Persons, Males and Females, and Proportions per 100,000 of the total Population of each sex, 1921	147
LVI.	Birthplaces of the Population, 1851-1921. Proportions per 100,000 Persons. England and Wales	147
LVII.	Administrative Counties (with associated County Boroughs) and Large Towns with highest Proportions of Natives of Scotland	148
LVIII.	Administrative Counties (with associated County Boroughs) and Large Towns with highest Proportions of Natives of Ireland	148
LIX.	Persons born in Dominions, Colonies, etc.	149
LX.	Administrative Counties (with associated County Boroughs) and Large Towns with highest Proportions of Colonial born	150
LXI.	Persons born in Foreign Countries, distinguishing British Subjects and Foreigners, and enumerated in England and Wales at each census, 1851-1921	150
LXII.	Large Towns with high Proportions of British Subjects born in Foreign Countries	151
LXIII.	Aliens by Country of Birth and Nationality	153
LXIV.	Birthplaces of Persons of Foreign Nationality, 1901-1921	154
LXV.	Large Towns with high Proportions of Foreigners (including Persons born abroad whose Nationality was not stated)	155
LXVI.	Local Distribution of Foreigners	156
LXVII.	Sex, Age and Martial Condition Distribution per 10,000 Persons—All Foreigners and certain Nationalities	158

DEPENDENCY, ORPHANHOOD AND FERTILITY.
LXVIII.	Comparison of "Enumerated" and "Dependent" Children	162
LXIX.	Discrepancy between Enumerated Children and Dependents of Married Men, Widowers, and Widows	164
LXX.	Distribution of Families by Size	165
LXXI.	Distribution of Families by Age of Parent	167
LXXII.	Distribution (by Ages of Parents in combination) of Families of Married Men and Married Women enumerated on the same schedule	168
LXXIII.	Dependency by Geographical Regions	169
LXXIV.	Dependency by Counties: Average number of Children under 16 per Family	169
LXXV.	Dependency by Occupation, Married men. Average number of Children under 16 years of age in Family	170
LXXVI.	Orphanhood by Age. England and Wales	172
LXXVII.	Number of Males per 1,000 Females in the several Orphan Categories	172
LXXVIII.	Orphanhood in Geographical Divisions	173
LXXIX.	Relation of Husbands' and Wives' Ages	175
LXXX.	Relative Fertility by Age of Parent	177
LXXXI.	Relative Fertility by combined Ages of Husband and Wife	179
LXXXII.	Relative Fertility in relation to size of existing Family (number of children under 15 years of age)	180
LXXXIII.	Relative Fertility by Geographical Regions	182
LXXXIV.	Relative Fertility by Occupational—Married Men	183

WELSH LANGUAGE.
LXXXV.	Wales and Monmouthshire — Proportional Numbers speaking English only, Welsh only, and both English and Welsh, 1891-1921	184
LXXXVI.	English and Welsh Languages: Proportion per 1,000 aged 3 years and upwards at certain Age Groups returned as able to speak English only, Welsh only, and both English and Welsh, 1911 and 1921	185
LXXXVII.	Population in various Language and Age Groups compared with expected survivors from corresponding Groups in 1911 at ages 10 years younger	186
LXXXVIII.	Proportion per 1,000 persons aged 3 years and over in respect of whom Language Statements were returned	188

WORKPLACES.
XC.	Comparison of Night and Day Populations. London	193
XCI.	Movements relating to Boroughs and Urban Districts within Greater London	193
XCII.	Daily movements to and from Towns outside Greater London with Night Populations in excess of 20,000	196

DIAGRAMS.

		Page
A.	Population of England and Wales at each Census since 1801	13
B.	Amount of Increase of Population of England and Wales in each Intercensal Period since 1801	13
C.	Rate of Increase of Population of England and Wales in each Intercensal Period since 1801	13
D.	Growth of Population, 1861-1921, in each County Borough of which the Population exceeded 250,000 in 1921	27
E.	England and Wales. Total Population by Individual Years of Age, 1921 and 1911	64
F.	England and Wales. Total Population by Individual Years of Age, distinguishing Males and Females, 1921	64
G.	Total Population of England and Wales by Quinquennial Groups of Ages, 1921-1881. Persons	64
H.	Total Population of England and Wales by Quinquennial Groups of Ages, 1921-1881. Males	64
J.	Total Population of England and Wales by Quinquennial Groups of Ages, 1921-1881. Females	64

APPENDICES.

		Page
A.	Inflation of the Population of certain areas, 1921	198
B.	Householder's Schedule used at the 1921 Census	202
C.	(a) Areas dealt with in the Census Reports	204
	(b) Table of Contents of the various Census Volumes, 1921	205
D.	Constitution of the six Industrial Areas	210

1921 Census of England and Wales, General Report with Appendices ( () ),

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