Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England Dep table	Hampshire RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	124,516
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	4,908
(1) Officers of National Government	3,675
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	468
Post Office	302
Inland Revenue	123
Customs	192
Government Messengers, Workmen	93
Dockyard Artificers	2,252
Other Govt.	245
(2) Officers of Local Government	1,192
Magistrate	91
Police	562
Prison Officer	231
Union and Parish Officer	184
Officer of Local Board	5
Other Local Officers	119
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	41
E. India and Col. Service	41
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	16,714
(1) Army	7,755
Army Officer	451
Army Half-pay Officer	169
Soldier	6,627
Chelsea Pensioner	444
Militia	34
Others	30
(2) Navy	8,959
Navy Officer	670
Navy Half-pay Officer	185
Seaman, R.N.	4,191
Royal Marine	2,292
Greenwich Pensioner	1,161
Others	460
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	3,295
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	962
Clergyman	636
Protestant Minister	159
Roman Catholic Priest	20
Other Relig. Teachers	41
Parish Clerk	57
Other Church Officers	49
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	485
Barrister	68
Solicitor	230
Law Student	17
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	37
Law Clerk	130
Law Stationer	3
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	655
Physician	61
Surgeon, Apothecary	304
Medical Student, Assist.	33
Dentist	19
Druggist	233
Others	5
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	63
Author, Editor, Writer	31
Ors. eng. in Literature	32
(5) Artists	193
Artist, Painter	73
Sculptor	3
Engraver	48
Photographic Artist	69
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	221
Musician	201
Music-master	17
Others	3
(7) Actors, Actresses	45
Actor	18
In Theatres, Exhibitions	27
(8) Teachers	584
Schoolmaster	476
Teacher of Languages	37
Profes. of Mathematics	10
Teacher (General)	31
Teacher of Dancing	9
Other Teachers	21
(9) Scientific Persons	87
Civil Engineer	74
Other Scientific Persons	13
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	329
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	259
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	259
(4) Scholars (so described)	70
Scholar (so described)	70
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	5,420
(1) In Board and Lodging	1,936
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	603
Publican	700
Beerseller	399
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	123
Coffee-house Keeper	27
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	44
Others--Boarding, &c.	40
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	3,484
Domst. Serv. (General)	1,373
Coachman	434
Groom	571
Gardener	681
Inn Servant	285
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	116
Others	24
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	1,910
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	1,044
Merchant	122
Banker	56
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	28
Stock Broker, &c.	9
Ship Broker, Agent	54
Broker	18
Agent, Factor	74
Coal, Colliery Agent	2
Iron Merchant, Agent	6
Salesman	11
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	77
Accountant	83
Commercial Clerk	373
Commercial Traveller	106
Other Mercantile Men	25
(2) Other General Dealers	866
Pawnbroker	44
Marine-store Dealer	65
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	441
Shopkeeper	62
Hawker, Pedlar	248
Other General Dealers	6
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	8,906
(1) Carriers on Railways	691
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	76
Railway Official	103
Railway Servant	480
Railway Police	14
Ors. eng. in	18
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,433
Toll Collector	80
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	56
Livery Staple Keeper	33
Coachman (not domstc.)	345
Cabman, Flyman	176
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	1,712
Others	31
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	563
Canal and River Service	10
Bargeman, Waterman	552
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	4,577
Shipowner	17
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	3,580
Pilot	119
Boatman on Seas	51
Dock Servant, Labourer	292
Wharfinger	12
Others	506
(5) Engaged in Storage	121
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	25
Others in Storage	96
(6) Messengers and Porters	521
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	499
Telegraph Service	20
Others in Messages	2
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	30,783
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	27,672
Land Proprietor	434
Farmer, Grazier	3,218
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	692
Farm Bailiff	444
Agricultural Labourer	20,921
Shepherd (out-door)	1,216
Farm Servant (in-door)	544
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	119
Others in Agriculture	84
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	734
Woodman	731
Others in Arboriculture	3
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	2,377
Gardener	2,321
Nurseryman	53
Others in Horticulture	3
9. Persons engaged about Animals	2,004
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	2,004
Horse Dealer	32
Horsebreaker	32
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	703
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	80
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	112
Drover	30
Pig Merchant, Dealer	22
Gamekeeper	389
Vermin Destroyer	30
Fisherman	524
Others about Animals	50
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	16,044
(1) In Books	384
Bookseller, Publisher	124
Bookbinder	37
Printer	201
Newspaper Agent	15
Others in Publications	7
(2) In Musical Instrument	29
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	8
Others	21
(3) In Prints and Pictures	15
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5
Others	10
(4) In Carving and Figures	13
Wood-carver	7
Others	6
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	16
Toy Maker, Dealer	12
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	4
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	19
Pattern Designer	5
Others	14
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	269
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	239
Optician	19
Weight or Measure Mkr.	6
Others	5
(8) In Surgical Instruments	2
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	2
Others	0
(9) In Arms	41
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	34
Others	7
(10) In Machines	559
Eng. and Mach. Maker	478
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	1
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	8
File-maker	3
Saw Smith, Maker	7
Cutler	43
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	2
Others in Tools, Mchns.	17
(11) In Carriages	386
Coachmaker	384
Others	2
(12) In Harness	300
Saddler, Harness-maker	297
Whip-maker	3
(13) In Ships	1,952
Shipbldr., Shipwright	1,627
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	53
Boat, Barge,--Builder	68
Sailmaker	134
Others	70
(14) In Houses and Buildings	10,652
House Proprietor	301
House Agent	30
Architect	64
Surveyor	49
Builder	536
Carpenter, Joiner	4,135
Bricklayer	2,656
Marble Mason	9
Mason, Pavior	899
Slater, Tiler	41
Plasterer	320
Paperhanger	34
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	1,572
Others	6
(15) In Furniture	729
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	566
Undertaker	6
Chair-maker	56
Picture-frame Maker	1
Carver, Gilder	44
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	4
Furniture Broker	52
Others	0
(16) In Implements	605
Wheelwright	460
Millwright	126
Other Implement Mkrs.	19
(17) In Chemicals	73
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	10
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	2
Dyer, Calenderer	48
Others	13
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	6,965
(1) In Wool and Worsted	71
Woolstapler	34
Felt manufacture	1
Woollen Cloth manuf.	11
Clothier	20
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	2
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	2
Others	1
(2) In Silk	38
Silk manufacture	24
Silk Dyer, Printer	1
Silk Mercer	7
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	6
(3) In Cotton and Flax	93
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	22
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	53
Cotton manufacture	10
Fustian manufacture	1
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	2
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	5
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	773
Packer and Presser	1
Weaver (undefined)	21
Manchester Warehmn.	1
Draper, Mercer	746
Others	4
(5) In Dress	5,711
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	174
Hatter, Hat manuf.	46
Straw Plait manuf.	2
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	2
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	4
Tailor	1,767
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	123
Button-maker	3
Hose manufacture	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	17
Glover, Leather, &c.	11
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	3,439
Patten, Clog,--Maker	5
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	30
Others providing Dress	87
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	279
Mat Maker, Seller	13
Rope, Cord,--Maker	194
Canvas Maker, Dealer	20
Sailcloth manufacture	21
Others	31
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	6,886
(1) In Animal Food	1,671
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	404
Cheesemonger	8
Butcher, Meat Salesman	1,015
Provision Curer, Dealer	43
Poulterer, Game Dealer	36
Fishmonger	148
Others	17
(2) In Vegetable Food	2,595
Corn Merchant, Dealer	188
Miller	600
Flour Dealer, Agent	11
Baker	1,377
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	130
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	222
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	5
Potato Merchant	30
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	15
Sugar Refiner	1
Others	16
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	2,620
Maltster	265
Brewer, &c.	678
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	104
Distiller, Rectifier	2
Cellarman	32
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	26
Grocer, Tea Dealer	1,443
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	10
Tobacconist	37
Others	23
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	499
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	88
Soap-boiler	4
Tallow-chandler	67
Comb-maker	1
Others	16
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	310
Fellmonger	31
Skinner	5
Tanner	129
Currier	111
Others	34
(3) In Hair	101
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	0
Brush, Broom,--Maker	101
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	2,645
(1) In Gums and Resins	74
Oil Miller, Refiner	11
Oil and Colourman	5
French-polisher	57
Japanner	0
Others	1
(2) In Wood	1,938
Timber Merch., Dealer	130
Wood Dealer	144
Sawyer	1,119
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	65
Lath-maker	44
Turner	58
Box-maker	5
Cooper	173
Hoop Maker, Bender	130
Others	70
(3) In Bark	61
Cork Cutter, manuf.	60
Others Workers in Bark	1
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	400
Basket-maker	121
Hay and Straw Dealer	16
Thatcher	250
Others	13
(5) In Paper	172
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	13
Paper manufacture	96
Stationer (not Law)	52
Paper-stainer	1
Others Workers in Paper	10
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	6,015
(1) In Mining	51
Coal-miner	20
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	1
Others	30
(2) In Coal	562
Coal Merchant, Dealer	192
Coalheaver, Labourer	111
Coke Burner, Dealer	6
Chimney Sweeper	128
Gas Works Service	110
Other Workers in Coal	15
(3) In Stone, Clay	1,815
Stone Quarrier	8
Stone Cutter, Polisher	25
Slate Quarrier	1
Limestone Quar., Burner	25
Clay Labourer	4
Brick Maker, Dealer	879
Railway Labourer	373
Platelayer	66
Excavator, Navvy	245
Road Contractor, &c.	12
Road Labourer	81
Scavenger	28
Dust Collector	1
Others	67
(4) In Earthenware	152
Earthenware manuf.	63
Tobacco-pipe Makers	29
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	58
Others	2
(5) In Glass	13
Glass manufacture	13
Other Workers in Glass	0
(6) In Salt	12
Salt manufacture	6
Other Dealers in Salt	6
(7) In Water	43
Waterworks Service	20
Others	23
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	101
Goldsmith, Jeweller	89
Plater, Plated Wareman	2
Others	10
(9) In Copper	67
Copper manufacture	0
Coppersmith	67
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	140
Tin manufacture	0
Tinman, Tinker	113
Tinplate Worker	27
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	2
Zinc manufacture	1
Others	1
(12) In Lead and Antimony	6
Lead manufacture	3
Typefounder	2
Others	1
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	207
Brass Founder, manuf.	70
Brazier	27
Locksmith, Bellhanger	23
Gasfitter	56
Wire Maker, Drawer	1
Wire Worker, Weaver	14
Others	16
(14) In Iron and Steel	2,844
Iron manufacture	197
Whitesmith	176
Blacksmith	2,001
Nail manufacture	5
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	1
Boiler-maker	255
Ironmonger	195
Hardwareman, Dealer	5
Steel manufacture	2
Grinder (branch undef.)	2
Others	5
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	9,037
(1) General Labourers	8,752
Labourer	8,752
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	285
Mechanic	29
Shopman	22
Apprentice	4
Others of indef. occu.	230
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	680
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	680
Gentleman	350
Annuitant	330
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	581
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	566
Dependent on Relatives	94
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	23
Pauper, no stated occ.	167
Lunatic, no stated occ.	47
Others	235
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	5
Prisoner, no stated occ.	5
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	10
Vagrant, Beggar	10
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	901
Visitor, no stated occ.	83
Others of no stated occupation or condition	818

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.