A vision of Britain through time
A vision of Britain from 1801 to now.
Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.
A vision of Britain through time
A vision of Britain from 1801 to now.
Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.
1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".
| Show Cumberland RegC table | Whitehaven RegD/PLU |
|---|
| OCCUPATIONS |
[Males]
[1] |
|---|---|
| Total of Males |
10,290 
|
| 1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country |
77
|
| (1) Officers of National Government |
34
|
| Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep. |
0
|
| Post Office |
12
|
| Inland Revenue |
8
|
| Customs |
13
|
| Government Messengers, Workmen |
1
|
| Dockyard Artificers |
0
|
| Other Govt. |
0
|
| (2) Officers of Local Government |
42
|
| Magistrate |
7
|
| Police |
26
|
| Prison Officer |
0
|
| Union and Parish Officer |
6
|
| Officer of Local Board |
0
|
| Other Local Officers |
3
|
| (3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government |
1
|
| E. India and Col. Service |
1
|
| 2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country |
76
|
| (1) Army |
54
|
| Army Officer |
3
|
| Army Half-pay Officer |
4
|
| Soldier |
3
|
| Chelsea Pensioner |
19
|
| Militia |
25
|
| Others |
0
|
| (2) Navy |
22
|
| Navy Officer |
1
|
| Navy Half-pay Officer |
3
|
| Seaman, R.N. |
1
|
| Royal Marine |
0
|
| Greenwich Pensioner |
1
|
| Others |
16
|
| 3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates) |
267
|
| (1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers |
98
|
| Clergyman |
31
|
| Protestant Minister |
9
|
| Roman Catholic Priest |
3
|
| Other Relig. Teachers |
52
|
| Parish Clerk |
1
|
| Other Church Officers |
2
|
| (2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers |
38
|
| Barrister |
1
|
| Solicitor |
19
|
| Law Student |
0
|
| Other Lawyers |
0
|
| Officers of Law Court |
6
|
| Law Clerk |
12
|
| Law Stationer |
0
|
| (3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists |
55
|
| Physician |
2
|
| Surgeon, Apothecary |
20
|
| Medical Student, Assist. |
4
|
| Dentist |
1
|
| Druggist |
27
|
| Others |
1
|
| (4) Authors and Literary Persons |
2
|
| Author, Editor, Writer |
2
|
| Ors. eng. in Literature |
0
|
| (5) Artists |
2
|
| Artist, Painter |
0
|
| Sculptor |
2
|
| Engraver |
0
|
| Photographic Artist |
0
|
| Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts |
0
|
| (6) Musicians, Teachers of Music |
10
|
| Musician |
7
|
| Music-master |
3
|
| Others |
0
|
| (7) Actors, Actresses |
4
|
| Actor |
4
|
| In Theatres, Exhibitions |
0
|
| (8) Teachers |
47
|
| Schoolmaster |
24
|
| Teacher of Languages |
3
|
| Profes. of Mathematics |
4
|
| Teacher (General) |
11
|
| Teacher of Dancing |
4
|
| Other Teachers |
1
|
| (9) Scientific Persons |
11
|
| Civil Engineer |
11
|
| Other Scientific Persons |
0
|
| 4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned) |
17
|
| (3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described) |
3
|
| Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.) |
3
|
| (4) Scholars (so described) |
14
|
| Scholar (so described) |
14
|
| 5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man |
162
|
| (1) In Board and Lodging |
87
|
| Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper |
55
|
| Publican |
23
|
| Beerseller |
6
|
| Lodg., Boardg.-house K. |
1
|
| Coffee-house Keeper |
1
|
| Cook (not Domst. Serv.) |
0
|
| Others--Boarding, &c. |
1
|
| (2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.) |
75
|
| Domst. Serv. (General) |
22
|
| Coachman |
11
|
| Groom |
16
|
| Gardener |
9
|
| Inn Servant |
15
|
| Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c. |
1
|
| Others |
1
|
| 6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds |
148
|
| (1) Mercantile Men [Women] |
111
|
| Merchant |
5
|
| Banker |
2
|
| Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr. |
0
|
| Stock Broker, &c. |
2
|
| Ship Broker, Agent |
9
|
| Broker |
1
|
| Agent, Factor |
9
|
| Coal, Colliery Agent |
5
|
| Iron Merchant, Agent |
12
|
| Salesman |
1
|
| Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val. |
5
|
| Accountant |
25
|
| Commercial Clerk |
10
|
| Commercial Traveller |
12
|
| Other Mercantile Men |
13
|
| (2) Other General Dealers |
37
|
| Pawnbroker |
9
|
| Marine-store Dealer |
7
|
| Ge. Dlr., Costermonger |
11
|
| Shopkeeper |
1
|
| Hawker, Pedlar |
9
|
| Other General Dealers |
0
|
| 7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages |
943
|
| (1) Carriers on Railways |
119
|
| Rail. Engine Driver, &c. |
20
|
| Railway Official |
42
|
| Railway Servant |
56
|
| Railway Police |
1
|
| Ors. eng. in |
0
|
| (2) Carriers on Roads |
201
|
| Toll Collector |
4
|
| Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr. |
0
|
| Livery Staple Keeper |
1
|
| Coachman (not domstc.) |
8
|
| Cabman, Flyman |
3
|
| Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray. |
185
|
| Others |
0
|
| (3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers |
0
|
| Canal and River Service |
0
|
| Bargeman, Waterman |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers |
612
|
| Shipowner |
12
|
| Seaman (Mercht. Serv.) |
475
|
| Pilot |
0
|
| Boatman on Seas |
2
|
| Dock Servant, Labourer |
99
|
| Wharfinger |
0
|
| Others |
24
|
| (5) Engaged in Storage |
9
|
| Warehsmn. (not Manch.) |
7
|
| Others in Storage |
2
|
| (6) Messengers and Porters |
2
|
| Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy |
1
|
| Telegraph Service |
1
|
| Others in Messages |
0
|
| 8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products |
1,649
|
| (1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists) |
1,586
|
| Land Proprietor |
42
|
| Farmer, Grazier |
501
|
| Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson" |
182
|
| Farm Bailiff |
11
|
| Agricultural Labourer |
510
|
| Shepherd (out-door) |
8
|
| Farm Servant (in-door) |
323
|
| Land Surv., Estate Agt. |
3
|
| Others in Agriculture |
6
|
| (2) In Woods (Arboriculturists) |
11
|
| Woodman |
11
|
| Others in Arboriculture |
0
|
| (3) In Gardens (Horticulturists) |
52
|
| Gardener |
51
|
| Nurseryman |
1
|
| Others in Horticulture |
0
|
| 9. Persons engaged about Animals |
94
|
| (1) Persons engaged about Animals |
94
|
| Horse Dealer |
0
|
| Horsebreaker |
1
|
| Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey |
25
|
| Farrier, Veterinary Sur. |
4
|
| Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer |
4
|
| Drover |
0
|
| Pig Merchant, Dealer |
0
|
| Gamekeeper |
4
|
| Vermin Destroyer |
1
|
| Fisherman |
54
|
| Others about Animals |
1
|
| 10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination |
1,438
|
| (1) In Books |
46
|
| Bookseller, Publisher |
11
|
| Bookbinder |
3
|
| Printer |
30
|
| Newspaper Agent |
2
|
| Others in Publications |
0
|
| (2) In Musical Instrument |
1
|
| Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr. |
1
|
| Others |
0
|
| (3) In Prints and Pictures |
0
|
| Lithographer, Lithographic Printer |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (4) In Carving and Figures |
2
|
| Wood-carver |
2
|
| Others |
0
|
| (5) in Tackle for Sport and Games |
0
|
| Toy Maker, Dealer |
0
|
| Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak. |
0
|
| (6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies |
7
|
| Pattern Designer |
7
|
| Others |
0
|
| (7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments |
15
|
| Watchmkr., Clockmkr. |
14
|
| Optician |
1
|
| Weight or Measure Mkr. |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (8) In Surgical Instruments |
0
|
| Surgical Instrmt. Maker |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (9) In Arms |
4
|
| Gunsmith, Gun Manuf. |
4
|
| Others |
0
|
| (10) In Machines |
102
|
| Eng. and Mach. Maker |
79
|
| Spindle-maker |
0
|
| Needle manufacture |
0
|
| Scissors-maker |
1
|
| Tool Maker, Dealer |
2
|
| File-maker |
0
|
| Saw Smith, Maker |
0
|
| Cutler |
1
|
| Blade Maker, Forger |
0
|
| Knife-maker |
0
|
| Razor-maker |
0
|
| Others in Tools, Mchns. |
19
|
| (11) In Carriages |
8
|
| Coachmaker |
7
|
| Others |
1
|
| (12) In Harness |
20
|
| Saddler, Harness-maker |
19
|
| Whip-maker |
1
|
| (13) In Ships |
317
|
| Shipbldr., Shipwright |
265
|
| Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak. |
8
|
| Boat, Barge,--Builder |
4
|
| Sailmaker |
19
|
| Others |
21
|
| (14) In Houses and Buildings |
822
|
| House Proprietor |
25
|
| House Agent |
1
|
| Architect |
1
|
| Surveyor |
0
|
| Builder |
10
|
| Carpenter, Joiner |
270
|
| Bricklayer |
3
|
| Marble Mason |
0
|
| Mason, Pavior |
373
|
| Slater, Tiler |
23
|
| Plasterer |
38
|
| Paperhanger |
0
|
| Plumber, Painter, Glazr. |
76
|
| Others |
2
|
| (15) In Furniture |
49
|
| Cabinet Maker, Uphol. |
45
|
| Undertaker |
0
|
| Chair-maker |
1
|
| Picture-frame Maker |
0
|
| Carver, Gilder |
2
|
| Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak. |
0
|
| Furniture Broker |
1
|
| Others |
0
|
| (16) In Implements |
34
|
| Wheelwright |
21
|
| Millwright |
11
|
| Other Implement Mkrs. |
2
|
| (17) In Chemicals |
11
|
| Manuf. Chemist, Laborer |
0
|
| Dye, Colour,--manuf. |
0
|
| Dyer, Calenderer |
11
|
| Others |
0
|
| 11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress |
749
|
| (1) In Wool and Worsted |
5
|
| Woolstapler |
0
|
| Felt manufacture |
0
|
| Woollen Cloth manuf. |
2
|
| Clothier |
0
|
| Fuller |
0
|
| Wool, Woollen,--Dyer |
0
|
| Worsted manufacture |
0
|
| Stuff manufacture |
0
|
| Flannel manufacture |
0
|
| Blanket manufacture |
0
|
| Carpet, Rug,--manuf. |
3
|
| Others |
0
|
| (2) In Silk |
2
|
| Silk manufacture |
0
|
| Silk Dyer, Printer |
0
|
| Silk Mercer |
2
|
| Ribbon manufacture |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (3) In Cotton and Flax |
93
|
| Flax, Linen,--manuf. |
67
|
| Thread manufacture |
9
|
| Lace manufacture |
0
|
| Cotton manufacture |
9
|
| Fustian manufacture |
0
|
| Muslin manufacture |
0
|
| Calico, Cotton,--Printer |
0
|
| Calico, Cotton,--Dyer |
1
|
| Others |
7
|
| (4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.) |
81
|
| Packer and Presser |
0
|
| Weaver (undefined) |
4
|
| Manchester Warehmn. |
0
|
| Draper, Mercer |
77
|
| Others |
0
|
| (5) In Dress |
506
|
| Hairdresser, Wig-maker |
14
|
| Hatter, Hat manuf. |
12
|
| Straw Plait manuf. |
0
|
| Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak. |
0
|
| Shawl manufacture |
0
|
| Furrier |
0
|
| Tailor |
183
|
| Clothes Dealer, Outfitr. |
2
|
| Button-maker |
0
|
| Hose manufacture |
1
|
| Hosier, Haberdasher |
2
|
| Glover, Leather, &c. |
0
|
| Shoemaker, Bootmaker |
283
|
| Patten, Clog,--Maker |
5
|
| Umbrella, Stick,--Mak. |
4
|
| Others providing Dress |
0
|
| (6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials |
62
|
| Mat Maker, Seller |
1
|
| Rope, Cord,--Maker |
41
|
| Canvas Maker, Dealer |
5
|
| Sailcloth manufacture |
13
|
| Others |
2
|
| 12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks |
457
|
| (1) In Animal Food |
91
|
| Cowkeeper, Milkseller |
0
|
| Cheesemonger |
1
|
| Butcher, Meat Salesman |
71
|
| Provision Curer, Dealer |
12
|
| Poulterer, Game Dealer |
0
|
| Fishmonger |
6
|
| Others |
1
|
| (2) In Vegetable Food |
144
|
| Corn Merchant, Dealer |
35
|
| Miller |
64
|
| Flour Dealer, Agent |
5
|
| Baker |
35
|
| Confectioner, Pastry Ck. |
4
|
| Greengrocer, Fruiterer |
1
|
| Fruit, Flower,--Vendor |
0
|
| Potato Merchant |
0
|
| Seed Mercht., Seedsman |
0
|
| Sugar Refiner |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (3) In Drinks and Stimulants |
222
|
| Maltster |
5
|
| Brewer, &c. |
22
|
| Wine and Spirit Mercht. |
27
|
| Distiller, Rectifier |
0
|
| Cellarman |
0
|
| Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma. |
2
|
| Grocer, Tea Dealer |
143
|
| Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf. |
10
|
| Tobacconist |
13
|
| Others |
0
|
| 13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances |
53
|
| (1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone |
12
|
| Soap-boiler |
0
|
| Tallow-chandler |
8
|
| Comb-maker |
0
|
| Others |
4
|
| (2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills |
40
|
| Fellmonger |
1
|
| Skinner |
4
|
| Tanner |
25
|
| Currier |
10
|
| Others |
0
|
| (3) In Hair |
1
|
| Hair, Bristle,--manuf. |
0
|
| Brush, Broom,--Maker |
1
|
| Others |
0
|
| 14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances |
142
|
| (1) In Gums and Resins |
5
|
| Oil Miller, Refiner |
3
|
| Oil and Colourman |
1
|
| French-polisher |
1
|
| Japanner |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (2) In Wood |
105
|
| Timber Merch., Dealer |
7
|
| Wood Dealer |
0
|
| Sawyer |
55
|
| Fence, Hurdle,--Maker |
0
|
| Lath-maker |
1
|
| Turner |
4
|
| Box-maker |
0
|
| Cooper |
33
|
| Hoop Maker, Bender |
2
|
| Others |
3
|
| (3) In Bark |
4
|
| Cork Cutter, manuf. |
4
|
| Others Workers in Bark |
0
|
| (4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw |
22
|
| Basket-maker |
21
|
| Hay and Straw Dealer |
0
|
| Thatcher |
0
|
| Others |
1
|
| (5) In Paper |
6
|
| Rag Gatherer, Dealer |
2
|
| Paper manufacture |
1
|
| Stationer (not Law) |
2
|
| Paper-stainer |
0
|
| Others Workers in Paper |
1
|
| 15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals |
3,368
|
| (1) In Mining |
2,553
|
| Coal-miner |
1,075
|
| Copper-miner |
3
|
| Tin-miner |
0
|
| Lead-miner |
5
|
| Iron-miner |
1,356
|
| Others |
114
|
| (2) In Coal |
28
|
| Coal Merchant, Dealer |
0
|
| Coalheaver, Labourer |
5
|
| Coke Burner, Dealer |
6
|
| Chimney Sweeper |
4
|
| Gas Works Service |
12
|
| Other Workers in Coal |
1
|
| (3) In Stone, Clay |
253
|
| Stone Quarrier |
58
|
| Stone Cutter, Polisher |
9
|
| Slate Quarrier |
0
|
| Limestone Quar., Burner |
9
|
| Clay Labourer |
3
|
| Brick Maker, Dealer |
18
|
| Railway Labourer |
83
|
| Platelayer |
10
|
| Excavator, Navvy |
0
|
| Road Contractor, &c. |
2
|
| Road Labourer |
28
|
| Scavenger |
2
|
| Dust Collector |
0
|
| Others |
31
|
| (4) In Earthenware |
71
|
| Earthenware manuf. |
62
|
| Tobacco-pipe Makers |
5
|
| Earthenw., Glass, Dealer |
4
|
| Others |
0
|
| (5) In Glass |
0
|
| Glass manufacture |
0
|
| Other Workers in Glass |
0
|
| (6) In Salt |
0
|
| Salt manufacture |
0
|
| Other Dealers in Salt |
0
|
| (7) In Water |
3
|
| Waterworks Service |
3
|
| Others |
0
|
| (8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones |
2
|
| Goldsmith, Jeweller |
2
|
| Plater, Plated Wareman |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (9) In Copper |
1
|
| Copper manufacture |
0
|
| Coppersmith |
1
|
| Others |
0
|
| (10) In Tin and Quicksilver |
22
|
| Tin manufacture |
0
|
| Tinman, Tinker |
13
|
| Tinplate Worker |
9
|
| Others |
0
|
| (11) In Zinc |
0
|
| Zinc manufacture |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (12) In Lead and Antimony |
0
|
| Lead manufacture |
0
|
| Typefounder |
0
|
| Others |
0
|
| (13) In Brass and other mixed Metals |
15
|
| Brass Founder, manuf. |
5
|
| Brazier |
5
|
| Locksmith, Bellhanger |
2
|
| Gasfitter |
2
|
| Wire Maker, Drawer |
0
|
| Wire Worker, Weaver |
1
|
| Others |
0
|
| (14) In Iron and Steel |
420
|
| Iron manufacture |
116
|
| Whitesmith |
4
|
| Blacksmith |
218
|
| Nail manufacture |
40
|
| Anchor, Chain,--Smith |
0
|
| Boiler-maker |
17
|
| Ironmonger |
24
|
| Hardwareman, Dealer |
0
|
| Steel manufacture |
0
|
| Grinder (branch undef.) |
0
|
| Others |
1
|
| 16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined |
560
|
| (1) General Labourers |
477
|
| Labourer |
477
|
| (2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations |
83
|
| Mechanic |
4
|
| Shopman |
0
|
| Apprentice |
0
|
| Others of indef. occu. |
79
|
| 17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation |
35
|
| (1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation |
35
|
| Gentleman |
25
|
| Annuitant |
10
|
| 18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation |
8
|
| (1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates |
8
|
| Dependent on Relatives |
0
|
| Almserperson, no stat. occ. |
2
|
| Pauper, no stated occ. |
2
|
| Lunatic, no stated occ. |
2
|
| Others |
2
|
| (2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class |
0
|
| Prisoner, no stated occ. |
0
|
| (3) Vagrants and Gipsies |
0
|
| Vagrant, Beggar |
0
|
| Gipsy |
0
|
| 19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation |
47
|
| Visitor, no stated occ. |
6
|
| Others of no stated occupation or condition |
41
|
Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.
Comments:
| 1 | Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations. |
This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.
The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.
Acknowledgments:
We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.
David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.