Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Westminster RegD/PLU table	Golden Square SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	116	2
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	2	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	10	-
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	9	1
Police	77	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	1
Other Local or County Official	1	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	23	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	9	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	4	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	171	81
Clergymen (Established Church)	11	-
Roman Catholic Priest	2	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	1	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	2
Barrister, Solicitor	19	-
Law Student	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	10	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	22	-
Dentist	12	1
Medical Student, Assistant	7	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	-	29
Schoolmaster	7	22
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	5	10
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	3	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	4	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Painter (artist)	8	5
Engraver (artist)	3	-
Sculptor	2	-
Architect	9	-
Musician, Music Master	11	3
Art Student	-	2
Photographer	7	1
Actor	3	3
Art, Music, Theatre Service	3	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	308	1,227
Domestic Coachman, Groom	6	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	156	995
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	3	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	119	58
College, Club Service	5	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	2
Cook (not domestic)	1	-
Charwoman	-	47
Washing and Bathing Service	10	120
Hospital and Institution Service	-	4
Others engaged in Service	5	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	219	31
Merchant	8	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	19	2
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	3	-
Accountant	8	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	12
Commercial Traveller	12	-
Commercial Clerk	152	16
Banker	5	-
Bank Service	3	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	2	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	435	5
Other Railway Officials and Servants	8	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	39	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	52	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	7	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	19	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	308	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	7	6
Farmer, Grazier	1	1
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	3	2
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	-	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	31	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	25	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	2	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	65	10
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	9	1
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	5	-
Bookbinder	4	4
Printer	39	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	2	4
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	-	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	53	2
Engine, Machine Maker	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	3	1
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	13	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	4	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	15	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	6	-
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	191	25
Builder	8	-
Carpenter, Joiner	32	-
Bricklayer	25	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	6	-
Paperhanger	2	-
Plumber	11	-
Painter, Glazier	44	-
Cabinet Maker	26	13
French Polisher	5	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	-	1
Gas Fitter	13	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	9	-
Dealer in Works of Art	4	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	1
Artificial Flower Maker	1	9
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	25	1
Coachmaker	7	-
Wheelwright	4	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	14	1
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	28	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Chemist, Druggist	17	-
Manufacturing Chemist	9	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	14	4
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	14	4
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	258	54
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	51	9
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	8	9
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	18	6
Brewer	2	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	1	-
Cellarman	9	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	12	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	9	1
Cheesemonger, Butterman	8	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	23	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	6	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	-
Fishmonger	9	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	51	11
Confectioner, Pastrycook	10	13
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	9	1
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	26	2
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	197	96
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	4	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	-
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	32	9
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	7
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	4	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	132	62
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	12	6
Embroiderer	-	9
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	928	920
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	6	2
Tailor	697	422
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	6	387
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	4	68
Hosier, Haberdasher	12	4
Button Maker, Dealer	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	166	24
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	30	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	2
Accoutrement Maker	4	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	5
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	28	8
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	2	-
Currier	3	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	17	2
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	2
Brush, Broom, Maker	3	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	4
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	39	11
Oil and Colourman	9	-
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	2	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	1	1
Sawyer	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	5	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	2	-
Paper Manufacture	1	-
Envelope Maker	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	14	8
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	-
Ticket, Label Writer	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	136	9
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	6	-
Coalheaver	3	-
Gas Works Service	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	3	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Paviour	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	4	1
Glass Manufacture	5	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	6	1
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	55	3
Others	3	2
Blacksmith	10	-
Whitesmith	5	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	2	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	2	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	9	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	4	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	157	102
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	18	42
Pawnbroker	2	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	-	1
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	11	3
General Labourer	61	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	5	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	32	19
Apprentice (undefined)	7	4
Factory Labourer (undefined)	14	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	7	33
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	17	1
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	5	1
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	7	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	5	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	54	125
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	54	125
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	91	1,412
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	-	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	91	1,410

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)