Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show St George in the East RegD/PLPar table	St John SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	24	33
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	5	2
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	7	-
Police	5	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	7	31
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	5	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	25	39
Clergymen (Established Church)	5	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	-	1
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	3
Theological Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	1	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	2	-
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	1	13
Schoolmaster	5	19
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	2	-
Painter (artist)	1	-
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Architect	1	-
Musician, Music Master	2	-
Photographer	1	-
Actor	-	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	46	430
Domestic Coachman, Groom	2	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	12	228
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	6	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	15	14
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	3
Cook (not domestic)	2	5
Charwoman	1	90
Washing and Bathing Service	2	87
Hospital and Institution Service	4	3
Others engaged in Service	2	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	59	3
Broker, Agent, Factor	1	-
Accountant	1	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	-
Commercial Traveller	4	-
Commercial Clerk	50	3
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	2	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,151	10
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	8	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	3	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	142	-
Inland Navigation Service	2	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	175	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	174	-
Pilot	2	-
Ship Steward, Cook	10	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	574	3
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	16	5
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	42	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	2	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	6	3
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	3	3
Gardener (not domestic)	2	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	24	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	23	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	29	7
Bookbinder	5	6
Printer	22	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	1	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	23	1
Engine, Machine Maker	5	-
Millwright	1	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	6	-
Boiler Maker	2	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	3	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	3	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	113	3
Builder	2	-
Carpenter, Joiner	24	1
Bricklayer	38	1
Mason	2	-
Slater, Tiler	2	-
Paperhanger	1	-
Plumber	9	-
Painter, Glazier	19	-
Cabinet Maker	-	1
French Polisher	2	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	5	-
Gas Fitter	4	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Carver, Gilder	4	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	3	-
Wheelwright	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	1	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	35	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	7	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	11	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	5	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	5	-
Sail Maker	7	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	5	6
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	4
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	-	2
Chemist, Druggist	2	-
Manufacturing Chemist	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	4	12
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	4	7
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	-	5
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	160	73
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	17	1
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	3	1
Brewer	23	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	2	-
Cellarman	14	28
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	5	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	14	-
Cheesemonger, Butterman	1	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	20	-
Provision Curer, Dealer	3	3
Fishmonger	6	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	5	11
Corn Miller	1	1
Baker	16	2
Confectioner, Pastrycook	1	8
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	9	-
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	-	7
Sugar Refiner	2	4
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	18	7
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	7	19
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	4	4
Mat Maker, Seller	1	1
Net Maker	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	9
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	1	-
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	37	275
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	11	104
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	77
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	56
Hosier, Haberdasher	1	3
Button Maker, Dealer	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	18	5
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	5	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	26
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	22	9
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	8	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	9	2
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	2	5
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	54	22
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	4	3
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	6	-
Sawyer	2	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	1	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	30	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Paper Manufacture	2	4
Stationer, Law Stationer	3	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	10
Ticket, Label Writer	-	1
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	153	6
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	3	-
Coalheaver	47	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	-
Gas Works Service	20	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Paviour	3	-
Road Labourer	-	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	7	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	-	1
Glass Manufacture	2	1
Waterworks Service	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	6	-
Blacksmith	25	-
Whitesmith	1	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	2	-
[Coppersmith]	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	3
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	15	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	426	60
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	17	17
Pawnbroker	1	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	9	9
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	4	2
General Labourer	331	5
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	33	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	18	2
Apprentice (undefined)	5	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	7	6
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	19
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	5	3
Town Drainage Service	3	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	2	2
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	-	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	19	56
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	19	56
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	43	1,154
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	5	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	38	1,153

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)