1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Lancashire RegC	Liverpool RegD/PLPar	Dale Street Howard Street Islington Mount Pleasant Scotland St George St Thomas

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	401	25
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	113	10
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	54	1
Prison Service, &c.	7	5
Police	161	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	56	8
Other Local or County Official	9	1
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	254	3
Army Officer (effective/retired)	13	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	86	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	3	-
Army Pensioner	67	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	11	-
Seaman, R.N.	57	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	4	-
Navy Pensioner	13	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,377	1,281
Clergymen (Established Church)	37	1
Roman Catholic Priest	59	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	19	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	14	12
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	15
Theological Student	12	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	20	7
Barrister, Solicitor	58	-
Law Student	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	65	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	136	2
Dentist	57	1
Medical Student, Assistant	42	1
Midwife	-	33
Subordinate Medical Service	13	368
Schoolmaster	125	483
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	26	126
School Service, and others connected with teaching	8	16
Author, Editor, Journalist	23	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	9	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	15	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	23	1
Civil Engineer	28	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	47	10
Engraver (artist)	9	-
Sculptor	7	-
Architect	29	-
Musician, Music Master	243	111
Art Student	11	5
Photographer	63	16
Actor	67	67
Art, Music, Theatre Service	17	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	29	5
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	48	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	1,365	14,467
Domestic Coachman, Groom	91	-
Domestic Gardener	24	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	293	11,123
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	12	3
Inn, Hotel Servant	737	575
College, Club Service	23	4
Office Keeper (not Government)	85	215
Cook (not domestic)	31	14
Charwoman	2	1,604
Washing and Bathing Service	17	788
Hospital and Institution Service	17	82
Others engaged in Service	33	58
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	3,360	208
Merchant	198	4
Broker, Agent, Factor	400	44
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	78	-
Accountant	61	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	31	52
Commercial Traveller	343	7
Commercial Clerk	2,023	91
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	9	3
Banker	7	-
Bank Service	69	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	13	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	128	5
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	19,673	298
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	65	-
Railway Guard	10	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	14	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	586	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	42	7
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	260	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	2,873	23
Tramway Companies' Service	50	-
Inland Navigation Service	13	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	509	12
Navigation Service (on shore)	55	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	4,790	10
Pilot	26	-
Ship Steward, Cook	348	33
Boatman on Seas	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	6,955	31
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	357	155
Meter, Weigher	48	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	2,653	16
Telegraph, Telephone Service	17	7
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	488	60
Farmer, Grazier	92	4
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	13	-
Farm Bailiff	123	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	236	47
Shepherd	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	-	1
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	11	6
Gardener (not domestic)	12	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	481	9
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	37	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	255	5
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	75	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	38	-
Drover	36	-
Gamekeeper	3	1
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	9	1
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	25	1
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	2	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	815	359
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	58	14
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	6
Bookbinder	81	285
Printer	568	38
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	25	8
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	79	3
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	3	5
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,658	29
Engine, Machine Maker	177	2
Millwright	29	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	377	2
Boiler Maker	621	3
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	3
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	2	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	10	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	30	-
File Maker	15	-
Saw Maker	5	-
Steel Pen Maker	-	1
Domestic Implement Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	211	3
Philosophical Instrument Maker	35	4
Electrical Apparatus Maker	23	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	25	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	9	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	8	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	53	-
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	15	7
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	8	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	5,043	244
Builder	89	1
Carpenter, Joiner	1,183	2
Bricklayer	524	2
Mason	327	1
Slater, Tiler	88	2
Plasterer, Whitewasher	423	4
Paperhanger	86	-
Plumber	351	1
Painter, Glazier	894	2
Cabinet Maker	517	150
French Polisher	155	32
Furniture Broker, Dealer	49	20
Locksmith, Bellhanger	14	-
Gas Fitter	119	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	40	2
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	13	4
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	30	-
Carver, Gilder	110	3
Dealer in Works of Art	12	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	11	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	5	2
Artificial Flower Maker	1	15
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	447	9
Coachmaker	210	3
Wheelwright	130	-
Others	2	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	105	5
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1,088	5
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	240	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	414	1
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	63	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	225	3
Sail Maker	146	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	442	128
Dye, Paint Manufacture	34	13
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	15	15
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	1	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	5	30
Chemist, Druggist	208	17
Manufacturing Chemist	159	46
Alkali Manufacture	7	1
Drysalter	13	5
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	265	729
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	209	711
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	56	18
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	5,047	1,784
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	916	177
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	102	565
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	94	49
Maltster	7	2
Brewer	101	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	21	13
Cellarman	149	26
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	136	5
Milkseller, Dairyman	127	46
Cheesemonger, Butterman	5	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	713	49
Provision Curer, Dealer	262	108
Poulterer, Game Dealer	81	22
Fishmonger	131	127
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	131	5
Corn Miller	162	6
Baker	527	25
Confectioner, Pastrycook	119	258
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	154	179
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	5	22
Sugar Refiner	471	6
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	564	87
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	69	5
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	1,639	855
Woolstapler	3	3
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	10	4
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	7
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	9	4
Others	-	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	4	5
Silk Dyer, Printer	3	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	6	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	695	261
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	3
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	64	18
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	6	4
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	6	16
Fustian Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	2
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	42	15
Mat Maker, Seller	40	6
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	8	182
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	2	20
Weaver (undefined)	5	11
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	40	23
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	9	17
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	7	3
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	666	216
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	21
Trimming Maker, Dealer	3	10
Embroiderer	-	1
Others	1	-
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	2,982	4,254
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	53	52
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	2	4
Tailor	1,293	756
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	17	2,513
Shawl Manufacture	1	-
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	6	661
Hosiery Manufacture	1	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	39	20
Glover, Glove Maker	3	4
Button Maker, Dealer	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	1,212	144
Patten, Clog Maker	32	2
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	264	12
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	35	17
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	24	66
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	309	174
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	30	6
Soap Boiler, Maker	60	70
Manure Manufacture	2	2
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Comb Maker	-	1
Others	3	-
Furrier, Skinner	21	4
Tanner, Fellmonger	46	1
Currier	41	4
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	16	14
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	10	12
Brush, Broom, Maker	77	31
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	2	28
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	1,401	369
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	118	2
Oil and Colourman	8	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	7	6
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	27	23
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	16	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	89	35
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	20	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	79	15
Sawyer	106	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	13	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	73	19
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	609	2
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	46	4
Others	3	1
Paper Manufacture	25	59
Envelope Maker	-	6
Stationer, Law Stationer	89	59
Card, Pattern Card Maker	4	1
Paper Stainer	5	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	17	131
Ticket, Label Writer	16	3
Others	30	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	4,037	131
Coal Miner	33	1
Ironstone Miner	3	-
Tin Miner	7	-
Lead Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	14	1
Mine Service	4	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	1	-
Coal Merchant	113	25
Coalheaver	405	2
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	-
Gas Works Service	140	1
Stone Quarrier	33	1
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	17	1
Slate Quarrier	1	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	8	-
Limeburner	2	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	-	2
Well Sinker, Borer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	8	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	122	-
Paviour	70	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	139	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	16	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	73	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	24	7
Glass Manufacture	59	11
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	51	33
Salt Maker, Dealer	34	-
Waterworks Service	14	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	77	7
Gold, Silver, Beater	10	1
Others	-	1
[Iron Manufacture]	1,037	7
[Steel Manufacture]	5	-
Blacksmith	546	1
Whitesmith	124	-
Nail Manufacture	18	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	6	2
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	104	6
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	14	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
[Coppersmith]	76	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	282	7
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	9	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	13	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	240	5
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	7	2
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	34	1
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	13	4
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	7	-
Others	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	10,690	2,795
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	377	678
Pawnbroker	226	9
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	382	1,484
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	227	16
Contractor (undefined)	7	-
General Labourer	8,065	74
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	752	5
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	395	106
Apprentice (undefined)	83	14
Factory Labourer (undefined)	143	133
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	33	276
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	135	20
Town Drainage Service	7	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	52	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	69	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	7	20
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	1,268	7,028
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	1,268	7,028
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	844	30,263
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	73	69
[Blank field, or illegible]	771	30,194

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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