Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show St Marylebone RegD/PLPar table	Rectory SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	163	4
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	9	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	42	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	43	-
Police	39	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	19	3
Other Local or County Official	10	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	56	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	31	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	8	-
Army Pensioner	6	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	6	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	360	375
Clergymen (Established Church)	10	-
Roman Catholic Priest	7	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	3	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	9
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	3
Barrister, Solicitor	63	-
Law Student	14	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	34	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	39	1
Dentist	23	2
Medical Student, Assistant	17	2
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	4	152
Schoolmaster	16	82
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	8	61
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	1
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	4
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	10	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	14	14
Engraver (artist)	-	1
Architect	7	-
Musician, Music Master	37	19
Art Student	7	9
Photographer	11	3
Actor	2	7
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	4	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	8	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	676	3,210
Domestic Coachman, Groom	82	-
Domestic Gardener	2	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	436	2,511
Inn, Hotel Servant	120	47
College, Club Service	1	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	6	6
Cook (not domestic)	11	4
Charwoman	1	311
Washing and Bathing Service	4	311
Hospital and Institution Service	4	19
Others engaged in Service	9	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	355	42
Merchant	30	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	23	2
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	7	-
Accountant	8	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	11	10
Commercial Traveller	21	1
Commercial Clerk	230	27
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	1
Banker	3	-
Bank Service	11	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	10	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	937	7
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	22	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	21	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	299	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	117	-
Tramway Companies' Service	1	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	11	-
Ship Steward, Cook	2	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	24	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	431	3
Telegraph, Telephone Service	2	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	27	22
Farmer, Grazier	4	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	6	13
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	4	9
Gardener (not domestic)	7	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	182	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	163	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	18	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	109	16
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	18	2
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	8	1
Bookbinder	10	7
Printer	55	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	10	3
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	92	10
Engine, Machine Maker	12	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	14	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	16	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	5	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	5	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	5	5
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	5	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	20	2
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	2
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	866	88
Builder	39	-
Carpenter, Joiner	105	1
Bricklayer	126	-
Mason	11	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	27	-
Paperhanger	6	-
Plumber	52	-
Painter, Glazier	226	2
Cabinet Maker	111	61
French Polisher	46	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	6	4
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	1
Gas Fitter	31	2
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	8	3
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	7	-
Wood Carver	12	-
Carver, Gilder	31	1
Dealer in Works of Art	12	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	3	-
Artificial Flower Maker	4	11
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	116	3
Coachmaker	80	1
Wheelwright	4	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	31	2
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	50	7
Dye, Paint Manufacture	4	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	40	6
Manufacturing Chemist	4	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	10	3
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	10	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	549	151
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	49	4
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	28	52
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	18	4
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	3	-
Cellarman	11	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	16	2
Milkseller, Dairyman	31	69
Cheesemonger, Butterman	29	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	73	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	10	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	14	1
Fishmonger	36	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	8	-
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	84	2
Confectioner, Pastrycook	14	7
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	40	4
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	-	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	79	1
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	155	128
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	6	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	-
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	2	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	17
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	12	7
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	2
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	124	76
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	7
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	4
Embroiderer	-	14
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	497	1,564
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	8	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	3
Tailor	242	134
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	14	1,205
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	183
Hosier, Haberdasher	21	5
Glover, Glove Maker	4	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	157	14
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	37	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	6
Accoutrement Maker	-	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	7
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	47	6
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	3	1
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	5	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	26	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	6	2
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	2
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	76	20
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Oil and Colourman	15	-
Japanner	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	11	7
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	2	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	2	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	17	9
Paper Stainer	3	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	-	2
Others	2	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	239	10
Lead Miner	1	-
Coal Merchant	5	-
Coalheaver	2	-
Gas Works Service	3	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	9	1
Paviour	2	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	4	-
Glass Manufacture	14	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	11	1
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	32	3
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	4	-
[Iron Manufacture]	7	-
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	26	-
Whitesmith	13	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	23	3
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	4	-
[Coppersmith]	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	12	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	1
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	31	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	3	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	7	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	5	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	703	167
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	48	63
Pawnbroker	9	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	22	14
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	9	3
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	531	1
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	13	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	42	37
Apprentice (undefined)	6	10
Factory Labourer (undefined)	21	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	-	38
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	39	2
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	32	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	7	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	152	819
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	152	819
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	121	2,686
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	2	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	119	2,684

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)